Why is it necessary for the required type of a function parameter to be able to be assigned to

From Optional to Required Type

const testFunc = (func: (param: number) => void): void => {
  func(3);
};

testFunc((a?: number) => {
  console.log(a);
});

From Required to Optional Type

const testFunc = (func?: (param: number) => void): void => {
  func(3);
};

testFunc((a: number) => {
  console.log(a);
});

Why doesn't TypeScript throw a type error in the scenarios above?

Update

Let's consider a specific example in React. I have a handler function with required parameters, but when passing it as a prop to a component that accepts optional types, there can be inference issues. This becomes problematic when crucial logic is implemented within the handler function and the parameters may be nullable.

Answer №1

Illustration 1

Here we have a higher order function that takes as a parameter a function which operates on number and returns void. Using a function that can also handle undefined numbers with this higher order function is successful, as number | undefined encompasses a wider range than just number.

Illustration 2

This scenario involves another higher order function where the parameter is a function from number to void, but the entire function could potentially be undefined. This results in an error because calling func within the higher order function will lead to issues if func is undefined.

My interpretation for illustration 2

const testFunc = (func: (param?: number) => void): void => {
  func(3);
};

testFunc((a: number) => {
  console.log(a);
});

In this case, we are dealing with a higher order function where the parameter is a function operating on number | undefined and returning void. The problem arises because the function provided to the higher order function does not allow the parameter to be undefined.

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