Why is it so difficult for the TypeScript compiler to recognize that my variables are not undefined?

Here is the code snippet in question:

function test(a: number | undefined, b: number | undefined) {
  if (!a && !b) {
    console.log('Neither are present');
    return;
  }

if (!b && !!a) {
console.log('b is not present, we only found a - do a thing with a');
return;
}

if (!a && !!b) {
console.log('a is not present, we only found b - do a thing with b');
return;
}

// At this point, I'd like the compiler to know that both a and b are not undefined,
// but it doesn't.
console.log(a + b);
}

The issue arises at the end where the compiler gives errors 'a' is possibly 'undefined' and 'b' is possibly 'undefined'.

In reality, the code cannot reach that final line without both a and b being defined.

The conditionals are more complex due to the requirement of utilizing one parameter if the other is absent.

Any insights on what might be overlooked here, or perhaps there exists a more idiomatic TypeScript approach to tackle this logic?

Appreciate the help!

Answer №1

The problem arises from the fact that each individual if statement does not effectively narrow down the types on its own. One must consider all if statements together to understand how the types have been narrowed, which may be simple for humans but not as straightforward for TypeScript.

For instance, even after the first if statement, variables a and b still hold type number | undefined, with no changes in their types. Although there is a correlation between the two variables, it is not reflected in their types. Therefore, when TypeScript encounters if (!b && !!a) {, it only sees both variables as number | undefined. With this limited information, TypeScript cannot determine definitively whether both a and b could remain undefined after the second if statement.

The complexity of my if statements goes beyond what might be expected (e.g., using !a && !!b instead of just !a) because I intend to utilize the existing parameter if the other one is absent.

If the use of the existing parameter was unnecessary, I would suggest simply eliminating either !!b or !!a. However, since you require it, I recommend reorganizing your code in one of the following ways:

function test(a: number | undefined, b: number | undefined) {
  if (!a || !b) {
    if (a) {
      console.log('b is not present, only a is found - perform action with a');
      return;
    }
    if (b) {
      console.log('a is not present, only b is found - perform action with b');
      return;
    }
    console.log('Neither is present');
    return;
  }

  console.log(a + b);
}

Alternatively:

function test(a: number | undefined, b: number | undefined) {
  if (!a) {
    if (!b) {
      console.log('Neither is present');
      return;  
    }

    console.log('a is not present, only b is found - perform action with b');
    return;
  }
  if (!b) {
    console.log('b is not present, only a is found - perform action with a');
    return;
  }
  
  console.log(a + b);
}

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