As I delved into Angular2 documentation, I stumbled upon the tsconfig.json.
I am curious to understand the significance of the parameters listed below:
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es5",
"module": "system",
"moduleResolution": "node",
"sourceMap": true,
"emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
"experimentalDecorators": true,
"removeComments": false,
"noImplicitAny": false
},
"exclude": [
"node_modules"
]
}
The file named tsconfig.json is responsible for configuring the TypeScript compiler known as tsc.
If you need more information about these attributes, check out the following links:
Here are a few helpful tips:
system corresponds to SystemJS and commonjs refers to CommonJS,.d.ts files). The node approach involves loading them from the node_modules folder like a module (require('module-name')),tsconfig.json indicates that the specific directory it resides in is considered the main TypeScript project root. This file contains information about the necessary compiler options and root files required for compiling the entire project.
The compiler operates based on the defined configurations:
"target": "es5" => Transforms ES6 code into ES5 to ensure compatibility with various browsers.
"module": "system" => Specifies the method of generating module code (commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es6' etc)
"moduleResolution": "node" => Defines how modules are resolved within the project
"sourceMap": true => Creates a corresponding ‘.map’ file for debugging purposes in production code.
"removeComments": false => Eliminates all comments except copyright header comments starting with /*!
"noImplicitAny": false => Triggers an error when expressions or declarations contain an inferred ‘any’ type.
If the "exclude" property is set, the compiler will include all TypeScript (*.ts or *.tsx) files from the parent directory and its subdirectories, except for those explicitly excluded files or folders.
Even though there are numerous answers already, I feel compelled to contribute another reason why tsconfig is necessary. According to the Angular documentation:
TypeScript is the main language used for developing Angular applications. It extends JavaScript by providing type safety and tooling support during development.
Browsers cannot directly interpret TypeScript code. Therefore, TypeScript needs to be "transpiled" into JavaScript using the tsc compiler, which requires specific configuration settings.
Generally, a TypeScript configuration file named tsconfig.json is added to your project to assist the compiler in producing the necessary JavaScript files.
To learn more about this, visit https://angular.io/guide/typescript-configuration
The tsconfig file specifies the project as a TypeScript project and contains configurations on how to compile the TypeScript files. For more information, please visit this link.
While most of the points have been covered above, there are a few key details that have been missed which I would like to highlight.
Within the tsconfig.json file, you specify the location of the build code and the version to target for compilation.
For example, during production, the tsconfig.json file will reference a specific key to determine where to locate the build.
"outDir": "./dist/out-tsc", --> indicates the directory for the build files.
Since browsers do not understand TypeScript directly, it is important to specify which type of JavaScript should be generated from our code for browser compatibility.
In essence, we write our code in TypeScript but transpile it to ES5 using the following field in the configuration:
"target": "es2015",
Just a heads up, browsers are only capable of accepting javascript files. However, with Angular, the use of typescript files is preferred over traditional javascript files. This means we need to have a way to convert those typescript files into javascript files.
This conversion process is facilitated by the tsconfig.json file which outlines the necessary configuration settings required for this transformation. These settings include compiler options and specifying the root files to be converted.
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