Why is type assertion required for TS array mapping?

This particular piece of code is causing an error:

function myFilter(debts:Map<string, number>) : Map<string, number>{
  return new Map([...debts]
    .map(d => [d[0], Math.round(d[1] * 10) / 10]) // error
    .filter(d => d[1] != 0)
  )
}

The error occurs because the map() function can potentially yield [string | number][][].

To resolve this issue, the following corrected code works without errors:

function myFilter(debts:Map<string, number>) : Map<string, number>{
  return new Map([...debts]
    .map(d => [d[0], Math.round(d[1] * 10) / 10] as [string, number])
    .filter(d => d[1] != 0)
  )
}

The necessity of this assertion in the code remains unclear to me.

Answer №1

What is the reason behind this?

The reason for this behavior is that TypeScript does not automatically infer a tuple return type in your callback function:

.map(data => [data[0], Math.round(data[1] * 10) / 10])

Instead, it infers a union of all possible value types at each element. By using an explicit return statement, you can see the inferred type more clearly:

TS Playground

.map(data => {
  const result = [data[0], Math.round(data[1] * 10) / 10];
      //^? const result: (string | number)[]
  return result;
})

Another approach:

You can also specify a generic type parameter when using Array.prototype.map<T>() instead of relying on a type assertion:

TS Playground

.map<[string, number]>(data => [data[0], Math.round(data[1] * 10) / 10])

This method will satisfy the compiler and ensure that the value returned by your callback function is compatible with the specified generic type.

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