Advantages of Using Constructor Parameter Initialization Over the new Keyword in Angular 5

Sample CODE 1 :

 import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
    import {exampleClass} from './exampleClass'
    @Component({
      selector: 'app-root',
      templateUrl: './app.component.html',
      styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
    })
    export class AppComponent {
       list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

       constructor(a:exampleClass) {
        a.hello();
       }
    }

Example CODE 2 :

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import {exampleClass} from './exampleClass'
@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
   list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

   constructor() {
     const a = new exampleClass ;

   }

}

exampleClass.ts Code :

export class exampleClass {
    hello(){
        console.log("A");
    }
}

Can you explain why code 1 results in an error while printing A in the console and what is the difference between these two initialization methods?

Answer №1

When looking at your initial code snippet,

export class AppComponent {
    list: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
    constructor(a:exampleClass) {
      a.hello();
    }
 }

The exampleClass ought to be defined as a service, which can then be passed into the constructor as an argument.

Otherwise, you may encounter the error message: No provider for HeroDetailComponent

If exampleClass was implemented as a service, it is likely that the issue would have been resolved.

Answer №2

For more information on the concept of Dependency Injection within Angular, it is recommended to explore the following link: https://angular.io/guide/dependency-injection-pattern (and potentially delve into the broader topic as well).

In one scenario, the AppComponent does not require knowledge of the internal workings of exampleClass. In another scenario, you have the autonomy to specify which particular class you wish to utilize.

When AppComponent is instantiated in the first case, Angular takes responsibility for handling the required parameters by instantiating the necessary class. The benefit of this approach is the flexibility it offers in varying the class utilized, such as during testing when a different mocked class may be preferred. On the contrary, in the second scenario, there is a rigid connection between AppComponent and exampleClass.

This means that in the former case, you can determine the type of instance the component will receive without impacting the component itself. However, in the latter case, this freedom does not exist. If you intended to provide a derived class instead of exampleClass, adjustments would need to be made. Additionally, if the constructors of these classes were not parameterless, AppComponent would also need instructions on how to instantiate them.

If you encounter an error, it's likely due to the absence of the @Injectable() decorator on exampleClass. This decorator informs Angular that the class could be instantiated through dependency injection.

Moreover, remember to include exampleClass in the providers section of your AppModule.

@Injectable() export class exampleClass { ... }

@NgModule({
    providers: [exampleClass],
    ...
})
export class AppModule { }

Answer №3

When using code 1, you are allowing a service to be shared among different components.

For instance, if you set this.service.data = 'test'; All other components utilizing code 1 will have access to it

console.log(this.service.data); // outputs 'test'

On the other hand, with code 2 you create a new instance of the service that is specific to your component's scope.

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