Can a concept like "A Rectangle can be a Square but a Square cannot be a Rectangle" be formulated?

Currently, I am working on developing a unique "loose" nominal type that allows assignment from its base type, but restricts assignment from other nominal types with the same base type. Is there a way to modify the existing Nominal type found here to achieve this functionality?

declare const nominalSymbol: unique symbol;
export type Nominal<T extends string, U> = U & { [nominalSymbol]: T };

I am looking to enhance this to create a type that behaves as follows:

export type LooseNominal<T extends string, U> = Nominal<T, U> | U; // while preventing direct assignment of nominal types derived from U

Here is an example of the desired behavior:

type Address = LooseNominal<'Address', string>;
type FirstName = LooseNominal<'FirstName', string>;

let address: Address = "123 Some St";
let firstName: FirstName = "John";
address = "456 Another St"; // this is okay
address = firstName; // This should result in a Type Error!

As of now, I have not found a way to impose a constraint like

U !extends Nominal<any, any>
. I experimented with
U extends Nominal<T, any> ? never : U
, but encountered limitations that prevented it from functioning as intended as a nominal type.

Answer №1

Should you require assignability without cross-assignability, consider implementing optional branding:

const logo: special symbol
type Logo<X, Y> = X & {[logo]?: Y}
//                             ^

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