There is no initial value set for the property and it is not definitively assigned in the constructor

I encountered an issue while working on the following code snippet:

export class UserComponent implements OnInit {
    user: User;

    constructor() { }

    ngOnInit() {
        this.user = {
            firstName : "test",
            lastName : "test",
            age : 40,
            address: {
                street : "Test",
                city : "test",
                state: "test"
            }
        }
    }
}

The error message I received is shown in image 1:

Property 'user' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.

The user object is defined by the interface User in User.ts with the following structure:

export interface User {
    firstName: string,
    lastName: string,
    age?: number,
    address?: {
        street?: string,
        city?: string,
        state?: string
    }
}

When attempting to resolve the first error by adding a question mark (?) to user, another error surfaced in a different file, as illustrated in image 2:

Error occurs in the template of component UserComponent.
src/app/components/users/users.component.html:2:44 -
    error TS2532: Object is possibly 'undefined'.

2 <ul class="list-unstyled" *ngIf="loaded && users?.length > 0">
                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Answer №1

The issue at hand is due to TypeScript's Strict Class Initialization rule.

For more information, you can visit the following link: https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/release-notes/typescript-2-7.html#strict-class-initialization

To fix this problem, you have two options. First, declare the type as Foo|undefined, or secondly, use the '!' symbol for definite assignment as shown in the provided documentation:

Scenario 1:

@Component({...})
export class Component {
  @Input() myInput: string|undefined;
}

In this case, we allow the type to be either a string or undefined.

Scenario 2:

@Component({...})
export class Component {
  @Input() myInput!: string;
}

Here, we employ the ! symbol to acknowledge that myInput is not initialized in the constructor and will be handled elsewhere.

Alternative Solution

If you prefer to disable strict class initialization, you can do so by adding a flag to your compiler options section in the tsconfig.json file:

{
 "compilerOptions": {
    "strictPropertyInitialization": false
  }
}

Note: Remember to restart the TypeScript server for changes to take effect. Simply restarting your IDE will suffice.

Answer №2

If all else fails, give this a shot

  "angularCompilerOptions": {
    ....
    "strictPropertyInitialization": false,
    ...

  }

Answer №3

In my opinion, your approach to the course was on point. However, I believe that it is generally acceptable to relocate tasks from ngOnInit if they do not pertain to rendering.

Angular does provide a general guideline to mitigate certain rendering issues, but it's not strictly black and white. This rule, in my view, aims to simplify things for beginners while also delving into more advanced topics.

Quoted from https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/24571#issuecomment-404606595

When working with angular components, consider the following guidelines when deciding between:
a) adding an initializer
b) making the field optional
c) leaving the '!' symbol

If the field is annotated with @input - Consider making the field optional b) or adding an initializer a).
If the input is necessary for the component user - Add an assertion in ngOnInit and use c.
If the field is annotated @ViewChild, @ContentChild - Opt for making the field optional b).
If the field is annotated with @ViewChildren or @ContentChildren - Reintroduce '!' - c).
Fields with initializers residing in ngOnInit - Transfer the initializer to the constructor.
Fields with initializers dependent on other @input fields in ngOnInit - Use '!' again - c).

I find this guideline to be quite beneficial.

Answer №5

Make sure to add "strictPropertyInitialization": false, to your tsconfig.json file under the compilerOptions section.

Answer №6

Kindly utilize it in this manner.

person!: Person

Note: Make sure to add ! after the variable declaration.

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