Can TypeScript restrict a callback parameter based on the type of another parameter using generics?

I am currently developing an event manager system. The main objective is to allow users to subscribe to events by providing an event type and a callback function. In my implementation, events are represented as classes, where AwesomeEventType in the example below is the class name. The way I envision it is something like this:

eventManager.addEventListener(AwesomeEventType, (event: AwesomeEventType) => doSomething());

In order to achieve this, the addEventListener method is defined as follows:

addEventListener<T>(
    eventType: { new (...args: any[]): T},
    eventHandler: (event: T) => void
)

Though this setup allows me to subscribe to events, I have noticed that TypeScript does not enforce proper constraints on T. For instance, in the following scenario, I would expect a build error, but none occurs:

eventManager.addEventListener(AwesomeEventType, (event: DifferentEventType) => doSomething())

Is there a way to ensure that TypeScript verifies the callback parameter accepts the correct type and generates an error if it does not?

Answer №1

It seems like your code is reasonable, but the issue may be due to TypeScript's type compatibility rules. These rules are structurally-based, meaning classes without an explicit relationship can still be considered compatible. Below are examples of valid and invalid uses in your code:

declare function addListener<T>(
    eventType: { new (...args: any[]): T},
    eventHandler: (event: T) => void
): void;

class EmptyEvent {}
class FooEvent { foo!: string }
class FooEvent2 { foo!: string }
class BarEvent { bar!: string }

// Valid
addListener(FooEvent, (event: FooEvent2) => {})
addListener(FooEvent, (event: EmptyEvent) => {});

// Invalid
addListener(EmptyEvent, (event: FooEvent) => {});
addListener(FooEvent, (event: BarEvent) => {})

To address this, you can break the structural compatibility of your classes by adding a private unused field. Here is an example:

class EmptyEvent { #_: undefined; }
class FooEvent { foo!: string; #_: undefined; }
class FooEvent2 { foo!: string; #_: undefined; }
class BarEvent { bar!: string; #_: undefined; }

// All invalid now
addListener(FooEvent, (event: FooEvent2) => {})
addListener(FooEvent, (event: EmptyEvent) => {});
addListener(EmptyEvent, (event: FooEvent) => {});
addListener(FooEvent, (event: BarEvent) => {})

There are other techniques to handle this issue as well. You can explore "typescript type branding" or "typescript nominal typing" for more ideas and libraries that can help achieve similar results.

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