Can we determine the data type of a value within a class instance by utilizing a function to retrieve it?

Is it feasible to create a function that maintains typing and functions in the same way as this:

class Example {
    someNumber:number = 1;
    someString:string = "test";
}

const example = new Example();
const value = example.someNumber; // type = number

I am interested in developing a function like this:

function getValueFromInstance<T>( target:T, key:keyof T ) {
    return target[ key ];
}

const value = getValueFromInstance( example, "someNumber" ); // type = string | number

TypeScript is able to determine that the possible outcome can only be a string or a number at this point. Is there a way to take it a step further and differentiate between the two? Especially if "someNumber" is hardcoded in the code rather than being fetched from a variable?

Answer №1

When you index T with keyof T, it returns a union of all possible value types, which may not give you the specific corresponding value type of the class member's key. To get the correct value type, consider using a different generic parameter with a constraint that infers one specific keyof T for indexing a single value type.

class Example {
  someNumber: number = 1;
  someString: string = "test";
}

declare const example: Example;

function getValueFromInstance<T, K extends keyof T>(target: T, key: K) {
  return target[key];
}

const value = getValueFromInstance(example, "someNumber");
//    ^? const value: number

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