Can we ensure type safety for the options of method decorators?

Exploring the creation of utility decorators like memoize and rateLimiter, I aim to maximize type safety while minimizing unnecessary boilerplate code.

Can decorators maintain full type safety without explicitly defining generics?

type GET_FUNCTION_SIGNATURE<
  T extends TypedPropertyDescriptor<any>
> = T extends TypedPropertyDescriptor<infer U> ? U : never;

interface ITestDecoratorOptions<DECORATED_FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS_TYPE, DECORATED_FUNCTION_RETURN_TYPE> {
  getKeyFromArgs: (args: DECORATED_FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS_TYPE) => string;
  getDefaultValue: (args: DECORATED_FUNCTION_ARGUMENTS_TYPE) => DECORATED_FUNCTION_RETURN_TYPE;
}

const testDecorator = <TYPED_PROPERTY_DESCRIPTOR extends TypedPropertyDescriptor<any>>(
  options: ITestDecoratorOptions<
    Parameters<GET_FUNCTION_SIGNATURE<TYPED_PROPERTY_DESCRIPTOR>>,
    ReturnType<GET_FUNCTION_SIGNATURE<TYPED_PROPERTY_DESCRIPTOR>>
  >
) => {
  return (
    target: Object,
    key: string,
    descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, key) as PropertyDescriptor
  ): TYPED_PROPERTY_DESCRIPTOR => {
    return null as any;
  };
};

class Test {
  //             \/ Is it possible to remove that generic and keep full type safety here?
  @testDecorator<TypedPropertyDescriptor<(a: number, b: string) => boolean>>({
    getKeyFromArgs: args => {
          // number               string
      return args[0].toString() + args[1]; // full type checking
    },
    getDefaultValue: args => {
      // full type checking: on args(number, string) and return type(boolean)
      if (args[0] === 1) {
        return true;
      }

      return false;
    }
  })
  public someMethod(a: number, b: string): boolean {
    return true;
  }
}

Answer №1

This particular problem is a recognized issue in TypeScript, and unfortunately there doesn't seem to be a straightforward solution available (aside from explicitly defining generic type parameters).

The complication with resolving this issue, as detailed in a comment by @DanielRosenwasser, stems from the fact that using decorators is analogous to invoking a curried function, while achieving the desired generic inference would entail a scenario like this:

declare let f: <T>(callback: (x: T) => void) => (y: T) => void;
f(x => x.a)({ a: 100 }); // error!
//     ~ <-- T is inferred as {} or unknown, 

Unfortunately, TypeScript infers the generic type at the time when the function f is called on its callback argument, rather than waiting until the returned function is actually invoked. Consequently, by the point when the compiler would have determined the value of T, it's already too late and the inference has failed.

At this juncture, I can only suggest persevering with manually specifying arguments for now. You might also want to head over to the TypeScript issue mentioned above to show your support with a 👍 or provide more insight into your specific use case if you believe it warrants further consideration. Best of luck!

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