"Canvas element's getContext method returning both WebGL2RenderingContext and RenderingContext - a conundrum for

Currently diving into typescript and facing a puzzling situation. I am attempting to check if the browser supports webgl. The detection process involves creating a canvas object on the document and obtaining the context to determine if it is "webgl" or "experimental-webgl". If webgl is supported, it will return a WebGlRenderingContext object; otherwise, null can be observed here.

The code snippet in question:

const canvas: HTMLCanvasElement = document.createElement('canvas');
const gl : WebGL2RenderingContext | null = canvas.getContext('webgl',contextOptions) || canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl', contextOptions);

The issue arises from getContext returning a RenderingContext, which is a helper type, rather than the expected real type. As a result, my VS Code IDE is flagging an error because the "gl" variable does not match the specified WebGLRenderingContext type. Despite this, based on the parameters passed, it should either be WebGLRenderingContext or null—not RenderingContext. This is evident when I attempt to call functions like "getParameter" and getShaderPrecisionFormat on my gl variable, functions that belong to WebGLRenderingContext but are absent in RenderingContext.

Since I am relatively new to typescript, I suspect there may be some fundamental information that I am overlooking. I am uncertain how to reassure my IDE that, according to the canvas API documentation, it will indeed be a WebGLRenderingContext and not the RenderingContext it currently assumes.

Answer №1

Enhancing specificity with casting can refine the returned type. Typescript provides two methods for type-casting.

Please note that in the code below, a WebGL2 context is being requested. The original example annotated a WebGL2RenderingContext, but asked for a WebGLRenderingContext. Additionally, the experimental context fallback has been removed since it is not applicable to WebGL2.

Using the 'as' keyword

Simply add as followed by the desired type after the value. e.g.

const canvas: HTMLCanvasElement = document.createElement('canvas');
const gl: WebGL2RenderingContext | null = canvas.getContext('webgl2') as WebGL2RenderingContext;

Angle-brackets Syntax

The previous example can also be expressed using angle-brackets syntax. This involves enclosing the desired type within <> and prefixing it to the value. e.g.

const canvas: HTMLCanvasElement = document.createElement('canvas');
const gl: WebGL2RenderingContext | null = <WebGL2RenderingContext> canvas.getContext('webgl2');

Regarding Experimental WebGL

The use of experimental webgl contexts dates back to the early days of webgl development when browsers were first implementing it. However, over time, "experimental-webgl" evolved into "webgl". This transition occurred over a decade ago, before features like arrow-functions, fetch API, and ES6. Unless you specifically require support for such legacy platforms, it is advisable to avoid relying on experimental webgl as a fallback.

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