Convert a JavaScript variable to a TypeScript interface

In my JavaScript project, I am utilizing TypeScript and JSDOC for code validation against the TS compiler.

When analyzing my code, the TS compiler identifies an error in the following snippet:

interface IBox {
    idx: number;
}

interface IBoxes { 
    get(idx?: number): IBox | IBox[];
}

class Box implements IBox {
    constructor() {
        this.idx = 0;
    }
}

class Boxes {
    constructor() { 
        this.boxes = [new Box(0)];
    }

    /**
     * @param {number} idx
     */
    get(idx) { 
        if (idx) {
            return this.boxes.find(b => b.idx === idx); 
        }

        return this.boxes;
    }

    /**
     * @param {IBox} value
     */
    set(value) {
        this.boxes.push(value);            
    }
}

const boxes = new Boxes();

/** @type {IBox} */
const box = boxes.get(0);

box.idx;    // Property "idx" does not exist on type "IBox" | "IBox[]"
            // Property 'idx' does not exist on type 'IBox[]

(box as IBox).idx; // Using type casting to suppress the error

While type casting may work, I am curious if there is a way to address this issue in plain JavaScript without the as keyword. Are there any JSDOC properties or other techniques that can be used to achieve the same outcome in a JavaScript project?

Answer №1

To ensure that box is treated as an IBox rather than an IBox[] or undefined during runtime, you can convince the compiler of its safety by checking for the existence of the idx property as shown below:

if (box) { 
  if ('idx' in box) {
    box.idx;  // This code confirms that box is recognized as an IBox
  } else {
    box[0].idx; // This code confirms that box is recognized as an IBox[]
  }
} else {
  // If there is no box
}  

I hope this explanation is clear. Best of luck!

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