Create a collection of unique objects using a specific key for each object in the array

Is it possible for TypeScript to define an array that enforces a unique key constraint for specified objects?

Check out this demo showing the constraints.

type Magician = {
  distinctKey: string;
  lastName: string;
};

// How, if at all, can we make line 19 be a compiler error?
type ObjectArrayWithDistinctKey<TItem, TKey> = TItem[]; 

const example: ObjectArrayWithDistinctKey<Magician, 'distinctKey'> = [
  {
    distinctKey: 'ammar1956',
    lastName: 'Ammar'
  },
  {
    distinctKey: 'vernon1894',
    lastName: 'Vernon'
  },
  {
    distinctKey: 'ammar1956', // error!
    lastName: 'Ammar'
  }
];

Perhaps using a Map instead of an array would be more suitable for this scenario.

Answer №1

No, it's not feasible to have this behavior in Arrays because Arrays can only consist of a single type "A", and A's cannot compare themselves against other A's.

However, this behavior can be achieved using tuples or variable length tuples.

EDIT: There are numerous ways to achieve this with tuples. It's difficult to determine the best approach as it depends on the specific situation. One way is to transform a Union MagicianA | MagicianB into permutations of tuples

[MagicianA | MagicianB] | [MagicianB, MagicianA]
. This allows the ordering to be flexible but enforces distinct keys and length.

(Code snippets provided in original text)

Alternatively, for variable length solutions...

(Code snippets provided in original text)

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