Creating a specialized optional map with a typed object containing a field that is strongly defined

I'm struggling to write code for registering strongly typed data loaders. I'm specifically facing issues with TypeScript in setting the map correctly. In the scenario below, M represents the service map and k is a list of services with a field type that has a fixed value of E. However, when attempting to assign an instance to the map, I encounter an error indicating that I am trying to assign to undefined. I'm unsure about how to proceed from this point.

enum E {
  A = 'a',
  B = 'b',
}

interface I<T extends E> {
  type: T;
}

type J<T> = T extends E ? I<T> : never;
export type K = J<E>;

const M: { [T in E]?: I<T> } = {};
const k: K[] = [];

k.forEach(
  <T extends E>(i: I<T>) => {
    M[i.type] = i;
    // ERROR
    // Type 'I<T>' is not assignable to type '{ a?: I<E.A> | undefined; b?: I<E.B> | undefined; }[T]'.
    //  Type 'I<T>' is not assignable to type 'undefined'.
  });

Answer №1

The TypeScript compiler currently has limitations that may be affecting your code. The specific issues in question are:

  • microsoft/TypeScript#27808 (supporting extends_oneof generic constraint) and microsoft/TypeScript#25879 (supporting generic indexes into non-generic mapped types, like in your scenario):

    At the moment, there is no direct way to restrict a type parameter constrained to a union to only one element of the union at a time. This means that when you use T extends E, it allows T to take on any of four types: never, E.A, E.B, or

    E.A | E.B</code (which simplifies to just <code>E
    ). If it were possible to specify that T can either be E.A or E.B but not both at once, the compiler might correctly accept your assignment for each case.

    However, this is not the current behavior. With T potentially being E.A | E.B, the assignment M[i.type] = i must work for this situation. Therefore, your generic callback function might need modification to its non-generic version due to these constraints.

    Even with changes, errors may still occur for other reasons as well:

  • microsoft/TypeScript#30581 (support correlated types) and microsoft/TypeScript#25051 (support distributive control flow analysis):

    In cases where i is of type I<E.A> | I<E.B>, the compiler struggles to make necessary higher-order deductions to validate expressions like M[i.type] = i. Due to how assignments are handled, the assigned value should be the intersection rather than the union of types on the left-hand side, impacting compilation decisions introduced in TypeScript 3.5. This leads to conflicts such as trying to assign incompatible types, resulting in errors.

    To achieve better results, you can resort to using type assertions, which inform the compiler that certain operations are safe despite initial concerns:

    k.forEach(
      (i) => {
        M[i.type] = i as any;
      });
    

    Other slightly less risky assertions or alternative approaches can also be utilized to address the issue comprehensively.

    For more information and practical demonstrations, you can explore the Playground link.


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