Creating Angular UI states with parameters in TypeScript

My Understanding

In my experience with TypeScript and angular's ui state, I have utilized "type assertion" through the UI-Router definitely typed library.

By injecting $state into my code as shown below:

function myCtrl($state: ng.ui.IStateService){
    // Some code
}

I am able to benefit from accurate autocompletion/error reporting for $state's methods.

Everything seems to be working smoothly up to this point.

The Issue

However, when attempting to access a property of params, like in this snippet:

function myCtrl($state: ng.ui.IStateService){
    // Trying to access a property of $state.params
    var example = $state.params.example;
}

An error message is displayed:

Property 'example' does not exist on IStateParamsService

This occurs because TypeScript is unaware of this specific property.

Approaches Considered

I pondered creating my own interface that extends ng.ui.IStateService

interface IMyState extends ng.ui.IStateService{
    params: {
        example: string;
    };
}

And then assigning the type to my custom interface

function myCtrl($state: IMyState){
    var example = $state.params.example;
}

By incorporating this approach, the error is eliminated.

What would be the appropriate type to utilize for $state?

Is defining a personalized interface similar to my illustration advisable?

Answer №1

When working with Typescript, extending a contract becomes a simple task, especially when using UI-Router .d.ts.

The original definition can be found in the (UI-Router d.ts. file):

// defining a state object
interface IStateService {
    ...
    params: IStateParamsService;
    ...
// parameters
interface IStateParamsService {
    [key: string]: any;
}

To customize this definition, you just need to add these lines to your custom .d.ts file:

declare module angular.ui
{
    export interface IStateParamsService { example?: string; }
}

By doing this, it becomes possible to access $state and its parameters as shown below:

MyMethod($state: ng.ui.IStateService)
{
    let x = this.$state.params.example;
    ...

Answer №2

$state.params are specifically defined as IStateParamsService. By examining the type signature, it is apparent that this type is an indexable type.

An indexable type includes an index signature detailing the types allowable for indexing into the object, along with their respective return types upon indexing.

The specified structure of IStateParamsService is

(key: string): any

This essentially means that you can store objects of type any and retrieve them using a key (or index or any other identifier) of type string.

Here's some example code:

// This assigns an object of type IStateParamsService to 'params'
let params = $state.params;

// Since 'params' is an indexable type,
// we can access the object stored at the key 'example'
let example = params['example'];
// or
let example = $state.params['example'];

For more information on interfaces and types, refer to this resource.

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