Creating multiple function overloads while utilizing the --noImplicitAny option can be achieved by following these

What is the correct way to implement function overloading with --noImplicitAny ?

Here is a sample code snippet:

function plus(a: string, b: string): string;
function plus(a: number, b: number): number;
// Error -> Parameter 'a' implicitly has an 'any' type.
// Error -> Parameter 'b' implicitly has an 'any' type.
function plus(a, b): any {
  return a + b;
}

This code example was taken from the TypeScript documentation:

function pickCard(x: { suit: string; card: number }[]): number;
function pickCard(x: number): { suit: string; card: number };
// Error -> Parameter 'x' implicitly has an 'any' type.
function pickCard(x): any {
  if (typeof x === 'object'){
    const pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * x.length);
    return pickedCard;
  } else if (typeof x === 'number'){
    const pickedSuit = Math.floor(x / 13);
    return { suit: suits[pickedSuit], card: x % 13 };
  }
}

The implicit-any error occurs in both cases, even within TypeScript's own documentation.

How can we properly define function overloads with noImplicitAny enabled?

Answer №1

Approach 1: Omitting Type-Check in Implementation while Using any

To avoid type-checking, you can simply utilize the any type for your parameters. Although this method allows for the correct type-checking of any function overloads, it lacks type verification within the implementation itself. This could potentially simplify the writing process but may also introduce more room for errors when implementing the function. Additionally, JavaScript callers without type-checking capabilities will not receive runtime errors if incorrect arguments are passed.

Playground Link

function plus(a: string, b: string): string;
function plus(a: number, b: number): number;

function plus(a: any, b: any): any {

    return a + b;
}

console.log("Number: " + plus(3, 4));
console.log("String: " + plus("asdf", "qwer"));
// Does not compile.
//console.log("Mixed: " + plus(3, "testing"));

Approach 2: Incorporating Type-Check in Implementation using string | number

For a more precise approach, consider adding specific types to the parameters such as string | number. While this makes the overloaded function implementation more complex, it ensures type-checking within the implementation and generates a runtime error if invalid input is provided by JavaScript callers.

Playground Link

function plus(a: string, b: string): string;
function plus(a: number, b: number): number;

function plus(a: string | number, b: string | number): string | number {

    if (typeof a === "string" && typeof b === "string") {
        return a + b;
    }

    if (typeof a === "number" && typeof b === "number") {
        return a + b;
    }

    throw new Error("Expected pair of strings or pair of numbers, but got: " + a + ", " + b);
}

console.log("Number: " + plus(3, 4));
console.log("String: " + plus("asdf", "qwer"));
// Does not compile.
//console.log("Mixed: " + plus(3, "testing"));

Additional Information

It has been noted that the official documentation fails to compile under noImplicitAny. A pull request has been submitted to rectify this issue: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript-Website/pull/652.

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