Defining the return type with TypeScript using the keyof accessor: A comprehensive guide

Can a function be created that utilizes keyof to access an object's property, with TypeScript inferring the return value?

interface Example {
    name: string;
    handles: number;
}

function get(n: keyof Example) {
   const x: Example = {name: 'House', handles: 8};
   return x[n];
}

function put(value: string) {

}

put(get("name"));
// ^^^ Error: Argument of type 'string | number' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'

TypeScript is merging all the allowed types together, but when the function is called with the value "name" it does not infer the type is string.

The issue can be resolved by casting the type.

put(get("name") as string);

Is there an alternative method to avoid using casting?

Answer №1

Yes, all you need to do is modify the get function and make it generic so it does not return the union of all possible output types:

function get<K extends keyof Example>(n: K) {
  const x: Example = { name: "House", handles: 8 };
  return x[n];
}

With this change, the inferred signature now becomes:

// function get<K extends "name" | "handles">(n: K): Example[K]

The return type, Example[K], is a lookup type that represents the type obtained when indexing into an Example with key K.

When you make a call to this function, K is inferred to be a string literal type if possible:

get("name"); // function get<"name">(n: "name"): string

And Example["name"] is essentially string. Therefore, your call now functions as intended:

put(get("name")); // works as expected

I hope this explanation is helpful to you. Best of luck with your code!

Link to code

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