Enforcement of static methods in Typescript abstract classes is not mandatory

In my TypeScript code, I have a simple structure defined:

abstract class Config {
    readonly NAME: string;
    readonly TITLE: string;

    static CoreInterface: () => any
}

class Test implements Config {
    readonly NAME: string;
    readonly TITLE: string;
}

Surprisingly, even though the CoreInterface() member is missing in the Test class, TypeScript does not throw an error. Why does this happen?

I want each derived class to provide specific metadata about itself by implementing the CoreInterface() static function. While I could simply extend the Config class and have sub-classes supply their own implementation of CoreInterface(), I prefer not to automatically inherit members from the Config class. That's why I opt for "implements" over "extends".

Answer №1

Based on the feedback provided, here is a solution to achieve your desired outcome:

interface ConfigConstructor {
    CoreInterface: () => any;
    new (): Config;
}

interface Config {
    readonly NAME: string;
    readonly TITLE: string;
}

const Test: ConfigConstructor = class Test implements Config {
    readonly NAME: string;
    readonly TITLE: string;

    static CoreInterface = function (): any { return "something"; }
}

(code in playground)

If you remove one of the members (e.g., NAME), you will encounter the following error:

Class 'Test' does not correctly implement interface 'Config'.
The property 'NAME' is missing in type 'Test'.

If you remove the static CoreInterface, you will get this error instead:

Type 'typeof Test' cannot be assigned to type 'ConfigConstructor'.
Property 'CoreInterface' is missing in type 'typeof Test'.


Initial response

Static members and methods do not support inheritance, as pointed out by @JBNizet. Static properties belong to the class itself, not its instances.

As mentioned in the Wikipedia article:

Static methods can be called even without existing instances of the class. They are resolved at compile time based on the class they are called on, unlike instance methods that are determined dynamically based on object runtime types. Consequently, static methods cannot be overridden.

For further insight, refer to this discussion: Why aren't static methods considered good OO practice?

Although you won't receive compilation errors for omitting the implementation of a static method when extending a class, you may encounter runtime errors:

class A {
    static fn() {
        throw new Error("not implemented!");
    }
}

class B extends A {
    static fn() {
        console.log("B.fn");
    }
}

class C extends A { }

B.fn(); // success
C.fn(); // error: not implemented!

(code in playground)

Answer №2

I have been wrestling with this dilemma as well, and devised a solution that merges these principles:

  1. Singleton design pattern
  2. Abstract function implementation
  3. Static method usage
  4. Generic types utilization

The ultimate objective was to mandate all subclasses to adhere to a single function which is leveraged by a static function to maintain and serve a static object.

I cannot confirm if this approach is unconventional, but it serves its purpose.

export type StaticThis<T> = { new (): T, product: Product };

export default abstract class SingletonProduct {

  static product: Product;
  
  // Subclasses must implement this method
  abstract createProduct(context: Context): Product;

  // This method enforces singleton behavior and ensures only one instance of the product exists
  static getProduct<T extends SingletonProduct>(this: StaticThis<T>, context: 
  Context): Product {
    if (!this.product) {
        this.product = (new this()).createProduct(context)
    }
    return this.product
  }
}

Subclass example:

export default class DerivedProductClass extends SingletonProduct {

  createProduct(context: Context): Product {
    return new Product(...)
  }

}

Implementation:

DerivedProductClass.getProduct(ctx)

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