Excluding a common attribute from a combined type of objects can lead to issues when accessing non-common attributes (TypeScript)

In the process of developing a wrapper function, I am passing a refs property into a send function. The Event type used to construct my state machine is defined as an intersection between a base interface { refs: NodeRefs } and a union of possible event objects like

{ type: "EVENT_1" } | { type: "EVENT_2", context: MyContextType }
.

The objective of the wrapper function (referred to as useMachine in the example code) is to enhance the send function by expecting an event object where the refs key is omitted. However, utilizing Omit in this scenario leads to an error when using the send function with non-shared properties from the union type, leaving me uncertain about resolving this issue.

enum States {
  Unchecked = "UNCHECKED",
  Checked = "CHECKED",
  Mixed = "MIXED"
}

enum Events {
  Toggle = "TOGGLE",
  Set = "SET",
  UpdateContext = "UPDATE_CONTEXT"
}

// The events for the state machine will be represented as a union type named TEvent. All events
// must include a `refs` property, yet we can eliminate the need to explicitly pass refs 
// thanks to the useMachine hook below
interface EventBase {
  refs: NodeRefs;
}

type TEvent = EventBase &
  (
    | { type: Events.Toggle }
    | {
        type: Events.Set;
        state: States;
      }
    | {
        type: Events.UpdateContext;
        context: Partial<Context>;
      }
  );

function useMachine(stateMachine: SomeStateMachine, refs: ReactRefs) {
  let [currentState, setCurrentState] = useState(stateMachine.initialState);
  /* ... */
  // It is intended to exclude the refs property from our event here because identical values are always sent in each event. However, this approach triggers an error
  // in our send function below.
  function send(event: Omit<TEvent, "refs">) {
    let nodes = Object.keys(refs).reduce(nodeReducer);
    service.send({ ...event, refs: nodes });
  }
  return [currentState, send];
}

function MyComponent({ disabled }) {
  let inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
  let [currentState, send] = useMachine(myStateMachine, { input: inputRef });

  useEffect(() => {
    send({
      type: Events.UpdateContext,
      // Error: Object literal may only specify known properties, and 'context'
      // does not exist in type 'Pick<TEvent, "type">'.
      context: { disabled }
    });
  }, [disabled]);
  /* ... */
}

type NodeRefs = {
  input: HTMLInputElement | null;
};

type ReactRefs = {
  [K in keyof NodeRefs]: React.RefObject<NodeRefs[K]>;
};

Answer №1

It appears that the issue you are facing is related to how the built-in utility type Omit<T, K>, similar to Pick<T, K>, does not distribute over unions in type T. The expectation that Omit<A | B, K> should be equivalent to

Omit<A, K> | Omit<B, K></code is reasonable, but it works differently. Instead, <code>Omit<A | B, K>
operates on keyof (A | B), resulting in only shared properties being visible.

To address this issue, you can define a version of Omit that distributes over unions using a distributive conditional type. By structuring as

T extends any ? F<T> : never
, the operation F<> will now distribute over T when T is a union type. Here is the definition:

type DistributiveOmit<T, K extends PropertyKey> = T extends any ? Omit<T, K> : never;

With this solution, DistributiveOmit<A | B, K> will effectively be equal to

DistributiveOmit<A, K> | Distributive<B, K>
. Consequently,
DistributiveOmit<TEvent, "refs">
will form a union itself:

function foo(event: DistributiveOmit<TEvent, "refs">) {
  switch (event.type) {
    case Events.Set: {
      event.state; // okay
      break;
    }
    case Events.Toggle: {
      break;
    }
    case Events.UpdateContext: {
      event.context; // okay
    }
  }
}

Hopefully, this explanation clarifies the issue for you. Good luck with your code!

Link to playground to test the code

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