General approach to selecting optional attributes and converting them to mandatory attributes

Let's take a specific example:

interface Sample {
    x?: number;
    y: string;
}

The objective is to create a new type as follows:

interface NewSample {
    x: number;
}

The goal is to eliminate all fields that can contain null or undefined, and make the remaining fields non-nullable.

This is the expected behavior:

const newS1: NewSample = {}; // should NOT be valid
const newS2: NewSample = {x: 1}; // should be valid
const newS3: NewSample = {y: ''}; // should NOT be valid
const newS4: NewSample = {z: 0}; // should NOT be valid
const newS5: NewSample = {x: 1, y: ''}; // should NOT be valid

Here is an attempt that needs fixing (comments explain what it does versus what it should do):

export type FilterNullable<T> = {
    [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends undefined | null ? NonNullable<T[K]> : never;
};

const s1: FilterNullable<Sample> = {}; // should NOT be valid, error: missing property 'y'
const s2: FilterNullable<Sample> = {x: 1}; // should be valid, but gives incorrect error - "should be number not undefined"
const s3: FilterNullable<Sample> = {y: ''}; // should NOT be valid, incorrectly showing "string not never"
const s4: FilterNullable<Sample> = {z: 0}; // should NOT be valid, correct error - "property z does not exist"
const s5: FilterNullable<Sample> = {x: 1, y: ''}; // should NOT be valid, wrong errors shown - "number not undefined, string not never"

The issue may lie in the conditional types, but further clarification from documentation is needed for potential solutions.

Answer №1

To begin, identify and select only the keys that can be null before performing any mapping.

interface A {
    a?: number;
    b: string;
}

export type NullableKeys<T> = {
    [P in keyof T]-? :  Extract<T[P], null | undefined> extends never ? never: P
}[keyof T]
export type ExtractNullable<T> = {
    [P in NullableKeys<T>]: NonNullable<T[P]>
}

const a1: ExtractNullable<A> = {}; // error occurred
const a2: ExtractNullable<A> = {a: 1}; // successful
const a3: ExtractNullable<A> = {b: ''}; // error arose
const a4: ExtractNullable<A> = {c: 0}; // mistake found
const a5: ExtractNullable<A> = {a: 1, b: ''}; // not valid

This method is effective when using strictNullChecks as it modifies the type of optional properties to include undefined. An alternative version that focuses on optional properties and functions without this compiler option is:

export type NullableKeys<T> = {
    [P in keyof T]-?:  Pick<T,P> extends Required<Pick<T, P>> ? never: P
}[keyof T]

Answer №2

In my specific scenario, I found a simple and elegant solution using the tools available today. I created an interface that builds on the Pick functionality, allowing me to include nullable fields that can later be defined as non-nullable. By declaring the necessary fields within the interface itself, I effectively overwrite them. Here's how:

interface Cat
   extends Pick<
      Animal,
      "name" | "birthDate" | "breed"
   > {
   breed: string;
}

This approach is clear and easy to understand.

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