Guide on setting a default value for a variable within a Typescript class

In the process of developing a component to manage information about fields for form use, I am in need of storing different data objects in order to establish generic procedures for handling the data.

export class DataField<T> {
    /**
     * Field name (e.g., database column name, JSON field)
     */
    private Name_: string;
    private Size_: number;
    /**
     * The data type associated with this field. For example: String, Boolean, etc. This is internally set and not defined by an external reference
     */
    private Type_: T;

    /**
     * Constructor method
     * @param FieldName string Name of the Field
     * @param FieldSize number Field Size
     */
    constructor(FieldName:string, FieldSize:number) {
        this.Name_ = FieldName;
        this.Size_ = FieldSize;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the data type of the value
     * @returns string The type of the value
     */
    get Type(): string {
        return (typeof this.Type_).toString();
    }
}

The issue I am encountering is that the Type_ field is not initialized with any value, therefore it remains undefined all the time. When creating a DataField instance with a generic type, it may look like this:

new DataField<string>('FullName', 32);

With the generic type T now being string, my objective is to properly assign a value to the Type_ variable so that the call to get Type() will correctly return a string.

Answer №1

When constructing your object in TypeScript, remember to pass the type as a parameter to the constructor instead of explicitly setting it as a generic:

class DataField<T> {

    constructor( 
        private type: {new (...args): T}, 
        private fieldName: string, 
        private fieldSize: number) {}

    public getType(): string {
        return this.type.name;
    }
}

const field = new DataField(String, 'name', 256);
console.log(field.getType()); // outputs "String"

It's important to understand that classes in JavaScript are essentially functions and the class keyword is just a shortcut syntax. In JavaScript, "Types" are represented by constructors which, when called with new, create objects with the specified prototype.

Although a generic was used in the example provided, it's not necessary for the current implementation of the class. You could replace {new (...args): T} with {new (...args): any} without affecting functionality. However, generics become useful when dealing with a data container class that needs to return values with specific types:

class DataContainer<T> {
   // other class stuff

   public getValue(): T {
      // do stuff to return value
   }
}

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