How can a contextual type be utilized independently of a class instance in TypeScript?

My goal is to find a way to use the this type or something similar outside of a class or interface method in TypeScript, rather than being limited to just within a class or interface.

Consider this example:

class TypedArray {
    [index: number]: number;
    length: number;

    static of(...args: number[]): this {
        console.log(this);
        return new this(args);
    }

    static from(args: number[]): this {
        console.log(this);
        return new this(args);
    }

    constructor(args: number[]) {
        for (let i: number = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
            this[i] = args[i];
        }

        this.length = args.length;
    }
}

class Int32Arr extends TypedArray {
    forEach(callback: (n: number) => unknown): void {
        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
            callback(this[i]);
        }
    }

    constructor(args: number[]) {
        super(args);

        console.log("Subclass contrustor called!");
    }
}

const x: Int32Arr = Int32Arr.of(0, 1);

console.log(
    x,
    x instanceof Int32Arr
);

In this code snippet, it's important to note that when using this, it actually references the subclass Int32Arr instead of TypedArray.

As a result, x is considered an instance of Int32Arr, not TypedArray.

I am seeking a way to make TypeScript Compiler (TSC) understand and handle this scenario correctly. Any suggestions on how to achieve this?

Answer №1

this types are not suitable for static members. This has been a persistent issue and you can find the full discussion on the TypeScript GitHub.

One way to achieve something similar is by implementing the following approach (based on the GitHub discussion):

type Constructor < T > = new ( ...args: any[] ) => T

class TypedArray {
    [index: number]: number;
    length: number;

    static of < T extends TypedArray > (this: Constructor < T >, ...args: number[]): T {
        console.log(this);
        return new this(args);
    }

    static from < T extends TypedArray > (this: Constructor < T >, args: number[]): T {
        console.log(this);
        return new this(args);
    }

    constructor(args: number[]) {
        for (let i: number = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
            this[i] = args[i];
        }

        this.length = args.length;
    }
}

class Int32Arr extends TypedArray {
    forEach(callback: (n: number) => unknown): void {
        for (let i = 0; i < this.length; ++i) {
            callback(this[i]);
        }
    }

    constructor(args: number[]) {
        super(args);

        console.log("Subclass contrustor called!");
    }
}

const x: Int32Arr = Int32Arr.of(0, 1);

console.log(
    x,
    x instanceof Int32Arr
);

Playground link

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