In TypeScript, both 'module' and 'define' are nowhere to be found

When I transpile my TypeScript using "-m umd" for a project that includes server, client, and shared code, I encounter an issue where the client-side code does not work in the browser. Strangely, no errors are displayed in the browser console, and breakpoints do not activate when placed. After removing the js-ts mapping, I was finally able to debug and identify the problem.

Below is the code generated by UMD:

(function (factory) {
    if (typeof module === 'object' && typeof module.exports === 'object') {
        var v = factory(require, exports); if (v !== undefined) module.exports = v;
    }
    else if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
        define(["require", "exports", "./model"], factory);
    }
})(function (require, exports) {
    //my code
});

The issue arises because both 'module' and 'define' are undefined, causing my code not to execute without throwing any exceptions.

What could be causing this problem, and how can I troubleshoot to make it work properly?

Answer №1

As of today, most browsers do not support AMD modules natively, with the exception of standard ES6 in newer builds of MS Edge.

To work around this limitation, it is advised to bundle a module loader with your code. One option is to exclusively use AMD modules along with a lightweight AMD loader, combining them into a single file. Alternatively, you can utilize RollupJS, which creates loader-less bundles from standard ES6 modules. It's worth noting that the rollup-plugin-typescript plugin may not function well with multiple files, so compiling TypeScript into ES6 modules using tsc and then bundling it with RollupJS in a separate step is recommended.

If you're interested in learning more about module bundlers, check out this discussion on StackOverflow: Do I need require js when I use babel?

EDIT

Update (September 2016): The rollup-plugin-typescript plugin now works seamlessly! This is currently the preferred method for handling modules.

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