Inaccurate recommendations for type safety in function overloading

The TypeScript compiler is not providing accurate suggestions for the config parameter when calling the fooBar function with the 'view_product' type. Although it correctly identifies errors when an incorrect key is provided, it does not enforce the requirement of having only one key as specified in the FooFn interface. Is there a way to get correct suggestions in this scenario?

interface Window {
  fooBar: FooFn
}

interface FooFn {
  (method: 'event', type: 'view_product', config: { view_product_key: any }): void
  (method: 'event', type: 'update_cart', config: { update_cart_key: any }): void
}

window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', {}) // TypeScript incorrectly allows passing an object with more than one key
window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', { update_cart_key: 1 }) // TypeScript correctly flags an error for an incorrect key
window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', { view_product_key: 1 }) // TypeScript correctly allows a valid object with the right key

https://i.stack.imgur.com/83Rrb.png

Playground

Answer №1

Encountering a limitation of IntelliSense autosuggest has been noted in the issue microsoft/TypeScript#51047. Overloads differing by literal types appear to be inaccurately grouped together in completion lists until this issue is addressed. To work around it, you will need to accept the situation or refactor to avoid overloads.

One approach is to use generics instead of overloads. By creating a "mapping" interface that represents parameters as an object structure, you can achieve this:

interface ConfigMap {
  event: {
    view_product: { view_product_key: any };
    update_cart: { update_cart_key: any };
  };
}

With this type, a FooFn should take a key of ConfigMap as the first argument, delve into that property, have the next argument as a key of that property, and finally, the third argument should be the value at that nested key. You can define this using generics and indexed access types:

interface FooFn {
  <K1 extends keyof ConfigMap, K2 extends keyof ConfigMap[K1]>(
    method: K1, type: K2, config: ConfigMap[K1][K2]
  ): void    
}

This creates a FooFn with two generic type parameters: K1 for the method argument restricted to keys of ConfigMap, and K2 for the type argument constrained to keys of ConfigMap[K1].

The config parameter is of type ConfigMap[K1][K2], reflecting the property type when accessing the K1 property of ConfigMap followed by the K2 property of ConfigMap[K1].

Although the behavior of accepted and rejected calls remains similar:

window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', { update_cart_key: 1 }) // error
window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', { view_product_key: 1 }) // okay

IntelliSense now provides more accurate completions:

window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', {});
              suggestion:               ^ view_product_key 

When calling

window.fooBar('event', 'view_product', 
, the compiler deduces "event" as K1 and "view_product" as K2, making the type of config resolve to {view_product_key: any}, eliminating any reference to update_cart_key in the call signature.

You can experiment further with the code on the TypeScript Playground here.

Answer №2

I cannot provide insight into why it is not working as expected, but have you considered utilizing Distributive Conditional Types?

You could implement it like this:

interface Window {
    fooBar: FooFn
}

type ViewProductParams = {
    type: 'view_product',
    view_product_key: any
}

type UpdateCardParams = {
    type: 'update_cart',
    update_cart_key: any
}

interface FooFn {
    (method: 'event', params: ViewProductParams): void
    (method: 'event', params: UpdateCardParams): void
}

window.fooBar('event', { type: 'view_product' }) // error, view_product_key config option is not present
window.fooBar('event', { type: 'view_product', update_cart_key: 1 }) // error, update_cart_key is unexpected for this type
window.fooBar('event', { type: 'view_product', view_product_key: 123 }) // correct type and the view_product_key option is present

You can simplify by removing the overload and passing all parameter types as a union for clearer and more precise errors:

interface FooFn {
    (method: 'event', params: ViewProductParams | UpdateCardParams): void
}

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