Inferring types in a generic function with multiple parameters

In my attempt to configure a generic with the parameter serving as the key of another object, I have found success using extends keyof when both types are provided as parameters to the function.

However, I encountered an issue when the type that provides the list of keys is not an argument, but instead a generic type. In this scenario, TypeScript requires both generic types to be explicitly set.

Take a look at the code snippet below:

interface Bar {
  z: string;
  t: number;
}

declare function foo1<T extends keyof Bar>(x: T)
let t1 = foo1('z');

declare function foo2<K, T extends keyof K>(x: T)
let t2 = foo2<Bar>('t');

declare function foo3<T>(x: T)
let t3 = foo3<keyof Bar>('t');

Playground link

The function foo2 encountered a failure because the second type T was left unspecified. Personally, I believe TypeScript should be able to infer the correct typings without the need for an explicit declaration of the second type.

To work around this limitation, I resorted to using foo3. Although it functions, it is not as elegant to work with. Is there a way for TypeScript to automatically perform this inference, or would it require a feature request or bug report to the TypeScript team?

Answer №1

You're on the right track with foo2. Here's how you can adjust it for optimal performance.

declare function foo2<T, K = keyof T>(x: K)
let t2 = foo2<Bar>('t');

Rather than introducing a new generic type parameter, you have the option to assign one based on a specific type (such as T).

Another approach is to directly link the parameters type to the keyof the specified generic type T.

declare function foo4<T>(y: keyof T);
let t4 = foo4<Bar>('t');

Answer №2

There's an ongoing suggestion for partial inference of type parameters (without defaults) located at Microsoft/TypeScript#14400. Unfortunately, this feature is not available at the moment. In the meantime, I have a go-to workaround that might help in situations like these: using curried functions.

declare function curriedFoo<B>(): <T extends keyof B>(x: T)=>any;
let t4 = curriedFoo<Bar>()('t'); // okay

The no-argument function curriedFoo() accepts a type parameter B and returns the desired narrowed function that only accepts a T extends keyof B parameter. It may seem a bit awkward, but it does the job effectively. Best of luck with your implementation!

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