Inform TypeScript that a function verifies `typeof !== undefined`

Is there a way in TypeScript to indicate that a function is validating the presence of a specific key in an object?

For example:

function doesItemHaveKey(item: any, key: string): boolean {
  return typeof item === 'object' && item !== null && typeof item[key] !== 'undefined';
}

interface testInterface {
  optional?: string;
  some: string;
}

let testObj: testInterface = {
  some: 'value'
};

if (doesItemHaveKey(testObj, 'some')) {
  // Perform actions based on the existence of testObj.some
  // TypeScript may flag errors if 'testObj.some' is potentially undefined
}

Attempts that have been made:

if (doesItemHaveKey(testObj, 'some') && typeof testObj.some !== 'undefined') {
  // This solution works but it duplicates the typeof check
}

function doesItemHaveKey(item: any, key: string): key is keyof item
/**
 * A type predicate's type must be assignable to its parameter's type.
 *  Type 'string | number | symbol' is not assignable to type 'string'.
 *    Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.
 **/

Answer №1

To make the type assertion version work, you should include generic type parameters to capture the type of item (as T) and the actual type (as K). By using the type-guard syntax, you can inform the compiler that the item parameter is of type T in an intersection where the key K is necessary (thus making the key K mandatory)

function doesItemHaveKey<T, K extends keyof T>(item: T, key: K): item is T & Required<Pick<T, K>> {
  return typeof item === 'object' && item !== null && typeof item[key] !== 'undefined';
}

interface testInterface {
  optional?: string;
  some?: string;
}

let testObj: testInterface = {
  some: 'value'
};

if (doesItemHaveKey(testObj, 'some')) {
  testObj.some.big() // string 
}

Playground Link

Answer №2

To create a custom type guard, you can enhance doesItemHaveKey by utilizing generic type parameters and Exclude to form a subtype of T where the value of key K is not undefined.

type NotUndefined<T, K extends keyof T> = T & Record<K, Exclude<T[K], undefined>>;

function doesItemHaveKey<T, K extends keyof T>(item: T, key: K): item is NotUndefined<T, K> {
    return typeof item === 'object' && item !== null && typeof item[key] !== 'undefined';
}

Playground Link

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