Integrating a subcategory instance of an abstract class in TypeScript

I am curious about how to effectively implement the example below. I am working on abstracting some fundamental functionality of a House. The scenario I encountered is as follows:

Imagine there is an abstract Animal class that is extended like this:

abstract class Animal{
    constructor(age:number){
        this.age = age;
    }
    age:number;
}
class Dog extends Animal{
    constructor(age:number){
        super(age);
    }
    bark(){
        console.log("Bark");
    }
}

class Cat extends Animal{
    constructor(age:number){
        super(age);
    }
    meow(){
        console.log("Meow");
    }
}

The main objective here is to establish this as a foundational class within the application, with various animal house classes extending it and utilizing its core functions.

abstract class House{
    animals:Animal[];

    addAnimal(humanAge:number){
        const animalAge = humanAge/7;
        // How can we properly add an animal here? Similar to something like animals.push(new Animal(animalAge));
    }
}

class DogHouse extends House{
    doSomethingElseHERE(){
       console.log("Something else")
    }
}

new DogHouse().addAnimal(23); //What would be an effective solution to seamlessly integrate this in all animal houses?

So, what would be a suitable implementation for the "add" function in the abstract class House?

Answer №1

To enhance the flexibility of the House class, you can make it generic so that instead of being restricted to the type Animal, it can accept any type of animal in derived classes. Additionally, if there is a need to instantiate an element within the base class, you can do so by passing the constructor of the specific animal as a parameter:

abstract class House<T extends Animal>{
    animals: T[];
    constructor(private elementCtor: new (age: number) => T) {

    }

    addAnimal(humanAge: number) {
        const animalAge = humanAge / 7;
        this.animals.push(new this.elementCtor(animalAge));
    }
}

class DogHouse extends House<Dog> {
    constructor() {
        super(Dog)
    }
    doSomethingElseHERE() {
        console.log("Something else")
    }
}

Another approach is to introduce an abstract method in the House class:

abstract class House{
    animals: Animal[];
    constructor() {

    }
    abstract createAnimal(age: number): Animal
    addAnimal(humanAge: number) {
        const animalAge = humanAge / 7;
        this.animals.push(this.createAnimal(animalAge));
    }
}

class DogHouse extends House {
    createAnimal(age: number): Animal {
        return new Dog(age);
    }
    constructor() {
        super()
    }
    doSomethingElseHERE() {
        console.log("Something else")
    }
}

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