Is it a given that TypeScript always assumes side effects are prohibited?

In this scenario, I encountered a warning from TypeScript regarding an error in my toy example:

type obj = {
    ok: "ok" | "error",
}

function main(a: obj){
    a.ok = "ok";
    reloadFromDatabase(a);
    if (a.ok == "error"){ // TS error 
        console.log("Error");
    }
}

// Any function that has side effects on object a.
// For example, typeorm's `a.reload()`
function reloadFromDatabase(a: obj){
    a.ok = "error";
}

The specific error states:

This comparison seems accidental because the types '"ok"' and '"error"' have no overlap.(2367)

While it may seem logical to assume that mutating objects through side effects is not allowed, the type of a is obj, therefore both values (

"ok" | "error"
) should be permissible for obj.isOk.

In this given code snippet where I can modify the function with side effects, everything works fine as I can simply return the mutated object:

function main(a: obj){
    a.ok = "ok";
    a = reloadFromDatabase(a);
    if (a.ok == "error"){ // This time its fine
        console.log("Error");
    }
}

function reloadFromDatabase(a: obj){
    a.ok = "error";
    return a;
}

However, in my particular use case, I do not have access to the reloadFromDatabase function and it does not return anything (it solely mutates the object).

Is there a TypeScript option to address this? Do you think this error is valid? Could there be potential situations where allowing mutation would compromise TypeScript's logic (leading to decreased or no type safety)?

Answer №1

Control flow analysis involves making trade-offs that impact the way functions are invoked.

If you're interested, check out this well-known issue: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/9998

The essential question boils down to:

When a function is called, what side effects should we assume it has?

Currently, TypeScript assumes there are no side effects.

To work around this, you can use a type assertion like so:

if (a.ok as obj['ok'] == "error") { // ok asserted as 'ok'|'error'
   console.log("Error");
}

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