Is the 'case' in a switch statement not treated as a typeguard by Typescript?

Here is a simplified version of the code I am working with:

type Todo = {
    id: string;
    text: string;
};

type Action =
  | { type: 'DELETE'; payload: string }
  | { type: 'CREATE'; payload: Todo }

function reducer(state: Todo[], { type, payload }: Action) {
        switch (type) {
            case 'CREATE':
                const trimmedText = payload.text.trim(); // TypeScript Error - Property 'text' does not exist on type 'string'
                return [...state, payload];
            case 'DELETE':
                return state.filter((todo) => todo.id !== payload); // TypeScript still thinks, at this line, that the payload could be either string or Todo
            default:
                throw new Error();
        }
    }


Some Questions I have:

  • Why is Typescript not recognizing that in the case of 'CREATE', the payload cannot be a string?

  • And why doesn't Typescript recognize that in the case of 'DELETE', the payload must be a string?

Answer №1

From what I recall, TypeScript currently has a limitation when it comes to narrowing types for two "independent" variables. I don't have the specific GitHub issue on hand right now, but I believe there is one out there.

Nevertheless, to make it work, try working directly with the action: Action variable instead of destructuring it.

type Action =
  | { type: 'DELETE'; payload: string }
  | { type: 'CREATE'; payload: Todo }

function reducer(state: Todo[], action: Action) {
    switch (action.type) {
        case 'CREATE':
            // ...
        case 'DELETE':
            // ...
        default:
            throw new Error();
    }
}

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