Issue: TypeScript does not allow assigning a boolean type to either true or false when using two interfaces

When utilizing code similar to the one below, one would assume that TypeScript could infer that badObj is a valid argument for fn, as it should have the type Bad.

Interestingly, within the body of fn there seems to be no issue. However, when calling fn(badObj), an error occurs at the bottom. The same happens with fn(goodObj).

Is there a way to modify this code to achieve the expected behavior?

interface Ok {
    ok: true;
    date: undefined;
}

interface Bad {
    ok: false;
    date: Date;
}

const badObj = { ok: false, date: new Date()};
const goodObj = { ok: true, date: undefined}

const fn = (obj: Ok | Bad) => {
    console.log(obj.ok);

    if (!obj.ok) {
        const minutes = obj.date.getMinutes();
    }
};

fn(badObj)
fn(goodObj)

/*
The following error is thrown on the invocation of `fn(badObj)` and `fn(goodObj)`

Argument of type '{ ok: boolean; date: Date; }' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Ok | Bad'.
 Type '{ ok: boolean; date: Date; }' is not assignable to type 'Bad'.
    Types of property 'ok' are incompatible.
      Type 'boolean' is not assignable to type 'false'.(2345)
*/
*/

Answer №1

let problematicObject = { status: false, timestamp: new Date()};

Without specifying a type for this object, TypeScript will try to infer the most appropriate type, which in this case is

{ status: boolean, timestamp: Date }
. While this inference is close, it overlooks the fact that status is specifically set to false. This can lead to issues when passing the object into a function (fn), as TypeScript may mistakenly consider status as possibly being true, which would not align with having a date value present. The similar issue exists with goodObj, but with inverted values.

To resolve this problem, you have a few options. Option 1 involves explicitly defining the types of the objects, ensuring that status is recognized as false:

let problematicObject: ErrorProne = { status: false, timestamp: new Date()};

An alternative approach is to provide TypeScript with a hint and alter how it infers the type. By using as const, TypeScript assumes that the object's contents will remain unchanged, resulting in the strictest possible type:

let problematicObject = { status: false, timestamp: new Date() } as const;
// type becomes: 
// {
//    readonly status: false;
//    readonly timestamp: Date;
// }

If utilizing TypeScript version 4.9 or newer, the satisfies operator can be employed. Similar to as const, it enforces tighter type inference (excluding the readonly aspect) while also verifying if the object conforms to the ErrorProne type; an error will occur if it does not match:

let problematicObject = { status: false, timestamp: new Date() } satisfies ErrorProne;
// resulting type:
// {
//    status: false;
//    timestamp: Date;
//}

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