Mastering TypeScript: The Correct Way to Narrow Union and Intersection Types

I am currently working on a project where I need to create a component that takes in routes and generates a nested router view within a stepper.

However, I am facing challenges with TypeScript integration.

The component uses the RouteLocationRaw type from vue-router.

RouteLocationRaw is a combination of string and two intersection types, defined as:

export declare type RouteLocationRaw = string | (RouteQueryAndHash & LocationAsPath & RouteLocationOptions) | (RouteQueryAndHash & LocationAsRelativeRaw & RouteLocationOptions);

export declare interface RouteQueryAndHash {
    query?: LocationQueryRaw;
    hash?: string;
}

export declare interface LocationAsPath {
    path: string;
}

export declare interface RouteLocationOptions {
    replace?: boolean;
    force?: boolean;
    state?: HistoryState;
}

export declare interface LocationAsRelativeRaw {
    name?: RouteRecordName;
    params?: RouteParamsRaw;
}

My goal is to compare the current route's name with the names passed into the component using the following code:

const activeRoute = computed(() => props.routes.find((propRoute) => propRoute.name === route.name))

Although this logic functions correctly, TypeScript raises errors. When attempting to narrow down the type, I encounter the following issues:

Property 'name' does not exist on type 'RouteLocationRaw'.
  Property 'name' does not exist on type 'string'.

It seems that TypeScript automatically assumes the type to be a string due to it being the first part of the union, but further narrowing is not beneficial.

Even when handling scenarios for routes of type string, TypeScript still fails to recognize that 'name' could be a property of 'route'.

Property 'name' does not exist on type '(RouteQueryAndHash & LocationAsPath & RouteLocationOptions) | (RouteQueryAndHash & LocationAsRelativeRaw & RouteLocationOptions)'.
  Property 'name' does not exist on type 'RouteQueryAndHash & LocationAsPath & RouteLocationOptions'.

Answer №1

Let's simplify the code to highlight the same error.

declare const propRoute: RouteLocationRaw // current route

if (propRoute.name === 'foo') {
  console.log('foo is active')
}

To access a property of any value, the type must declare that property. TypeScript doesn't assume the value is always a string; it indicates that it could be a string and if so, the property access is invalid.

To access the name property, narrow down the union to types supporting only the name property.

The refined condition might look like this:

if (
  typeof propRoute !== 'string' && // exclude string.
  'name' in propRoute && // require the `name` property.
  propRoute.name === 'foo' // check for name property.
) {
  console.log('foo is active')
}

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