Some elements that fit the criteria of 'number | function' are not callable at all

Consider a basic function like this:

export const sum = (num?: number) => {
    const adder = (n: number) => {
        if (!n) {
            return num;
        }
        num = (num && num + n) || n;
        return adder;
    };

    return adder;
};

Example usage:

const total = sum(1)(2)(3)() // => 6

When called, sum will either return the next function that takes another number, or the final sum if no number is passed.

While this works in plain JavaScript, TypeScript raises an error for this scenario:

This expression is not callable. Not all constituents of type 'number | ((n?: number | undefined) => (x?: number | undefined) => number | ...)' are callable. Type 'number' has no call signatures.ts(2349)

The error arises because TypeScript cannot determine whether the next iteration returns a function or a number.

Question:

How can this function be correctly typed so that TypeScript does not generate an error?

Answer №1

Describing the call signature of add() in such a way that callers will observe the desired behavior is indeed possible. However, the TypeScript compiler lacks the capability to verify if the implementation of add() adheres to this call signature without enhancements on overloads or generic conditional types. Therefore, utilizing a type assertion or a similar method to relax type constraints is necessary to avoid compiler errors.

Let's consider add as a function belonging to a type named Adder:

interface Adder {
  (n: number): Adder;
  (n?: undefined): number
}

An Adder represents an overloaded function with two distinct call signatures; you can invoke it with a number, receiving another Adder, or with no arguments (or possibly an undefined), yielding a number. Thus, we can assert that add conforms to the Adder type:

const add = ((num?: number) => {
    const adder = (n: number) => {
        if (!n) {
            return num;
        }
        num = (num && num + n) || n;
        return adder;
    };

    return adder;
}) as Adder; // <-- assertion

Subsequently, the functionality aligns with expectations:

const result = add(1)(2)(3)() // no error now

console.log(result); // 6

Link to Playground for code demonstration

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