Surprising encounter with unidentified TypeScript

Lately, I've been delving into TypeScript and encountered a puzzling issue. To illustrate the problem, I have crafted an example as shown below:

type Options<T> = {
  props: T;
  g: (x: T) => void;
};

function f<T>(options: Options<T>) {
  console.log(options);
}

// Example 1 (expected type for x and props)
f({
  props: {
    foo: {
      a: 200,
      bar: () => {}
    }
  },
  g(x) {
    // x is of the expected type
    console.log(x)
  }
});

// Example 2 (unknown types for x and props)
f({
  props: {
    foo: {
      a: 100,
      bar: function() {}
    }
  },
  g(x) {
    // x's type is unknown
    console.log(x)
  }
});

In the first example, hovering over props reveals it has the correct type. However, in the second example, despite minimal changes, props is labeled as unknown. Why does this happen? You can explore the examples further on TS Playground.

Answer №1

This particular issue stems from a design constraint within TypeScript; more details can be found in microsoft/TypeScript#38845. According to the insights shared in this specific comment:

It is worth noting that an arrow function lacking parameters does not exhibit context sensitivity, whereas a function expression without parameters does indeed possess this attribute due to the implicit presence of this parameter. Any element with contextual sensitivity is automatically excluded from the initial phase of type inference, which primarily focuses on establishing the types required for contextually typed parameters.

In situations where the T inference successfully occurs when the foo.bar property represents an arrow function, the absence of a contextual this eliminates any concerns. Consequently, a contextual type can smoothly be assigned to the x parameter within function g, ensuring a seamless progression according to your intentions. However, instances where the value associated with foo.bar manifests as a function expression necessitate context for identifying the relevant this, thereby impeding the timely inference of T and resulting in the failure to establish a contextual type for parameter g, ultimately leading it to default to unknown.

Answer №2

As mentioned by @jcalz, the reason for this issue is that TypeScript struggles to determine the context of the expression. For more information on contextual typing and type inference, you can refer to this guide. One potential solution is to explicitly assign the type any to g: (x: any) => void, and then specify the type in your function definition.

interface Options<T> {
        props: T;
        g: (x: any) => void;
    };
    
    f({
        props: {
            foo: {
                a: 100,
                bar: function() {}
            }
        },
        g(x: string) {
            // x is string
            console.log(x)
        }
    });
    

However, it's uncertain whether this approach follows best practices.

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