Tips for creating type-safe assertion functions in TypeScript

In TypeScript 3.7, a new feature allows the writing of "assertion functions." One example is shown below:

export type TOfferAttrName = keyof typeof offerAttrMap;

export const assertIsOfferAttrName = (name: string): asserts name is TOfferAttrName => {
  if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(offerAttrMap, name)) {
    throw new Error('It is required that property name is an allowed one');
  }
};

An issue arises where there is no enforcement for writing a correct assertion function. It's possible to leave the function body empty and TypeScript will not raise any errors, making it similar to optimistic typecasting with as.

Is there a way in TypeScript to validate and ensure the correctness of an assertion function?

Answer №1

When working with assertions (such as type guards), the basic idea is that you, as the programmer, are aware of something that TypeScript may not be and you want to inform the type system about it.

For instance, if you are certain that a particular variable is always of type "X", using an assertion like

assertIsT(obj: any): asserts obj is T {}
serves as a way to communicate to the compiler that you know for sure that obj is indeed of type T.

Essentially, type guards and assert functions provide a more refined mechanism compared to explicit casting or resorting to any-typing. The compiler will trust you on these assertions without validating them directly.

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