Tips for troubleshooting Angular 4 unit testing using jasmine and karma with simulated HTTP post requests

I have a service that I need to unit test in Angular 4 using TypeScript and Jasmine.

The problem is with the http where it needs to perform a post request and get an identity in return, but for some reason, no data is being sent through.

My goal is to achieve high code coverage, however, I'm struggling with figuring out how to properly mock this statement.

This is the method responsible for the HTTP post in my service file:

addSession() {
        let headers = new Headers({ 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
        let options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });

        return this.http.post(this.url, JSON.stringify({}), options)
            .map((response: Response) => response.json());
}

Now onto the SPEC FILE which confuses me on what exactly to test. Perhaps simulating receiving a number back from the service's HTTP post call? The response should look like 000000014.

Spec

import { TrackerFormService } from './tracker-form.service'
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable'

describe('TrackerFormService', () => {

    let trackerFormService: TrackerFormService,
        mockHttp;

    beforeEach(() => {
        mockHttp = jasmine.createSpyObj('mockHttp', ['get', 'post', 'put']
        )
        trackerFormService = new TrackerFormService(mockHttp);
    });

    describe('addSession', () => {

        it('should add session ', () => {
            // What should be tested here? 
            // Should the response be a number? How can we mock or fake this scenario?

        })

    })

})

Answer №1

If you want to achieve your desired outcome, you will need a simple function in the form of a mock that mimics the behavior of a POST request. Additionally, it's important that your test does not make actual server requests, so you should implement something similar to the following setup:

import { HttpModule } from '@angular/http';
import { TrackerFormService } from './tracker-form.service'
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable'

describe('TrackerFormService', () => {
// Create a mock service with all the necessary functions
let trackerFormService: TrackerFormService,
  mockService = {
    addSession: jasmine.createSpy('addSession').and.returnValue(Observable.of('your session object mock goes here'))
  };

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [HttpModule],
      providers: [{
        provide: TrackerFormService,
        useValue: mockService
      }]
    });
  });

  // Inject the service for each test and refer to it as `service`
  beforeEach(inject([TrackerFormService], (trackerFormService) => {
    service = trackerFormService;
  }));

  describe('addSession', () => {
    it('should add a session ', () => {
      let fakeResponse = null;

      // Call the service function and subscribe to catch the response from the mock
      service.addSession().subscribe((value) => {
        fakeResponse = value;
      });

      // Make assertions based on the expected response
      expect(fakeResponse).toBeDefined();
      expect(fakeResponse).toBe('your session object mock goes here');
    });
  });
});

Answer №2

Angular 4.3 brought the introduction of the HttpClient service, replacing the older Http service and offering a simplified process for simulating HTTP requests. Detailed information can be found on the official website: https://angular.io/guide/http

Answer №3

Looking at how you structured the test/mock, you can manipulate the return of the post call to verify if you received the expected result. This approach allows you to confirm that the mocked response is correctly processed by your map statement. Additionally, by using a spy, you can validate the invocation of the post method and ensure that the options align with your expectations.

In my perspective, this seems like a complex solution. I would suggest avoiding mocks and spies by breaking down the method into smaller units, each focusing on a single task. Currently, your addSession method combines three distinct (yet interconnected) operations:

  1. Generating options for an addSession xhr request
  2. Executing the call
  3. Converting the response

If you divide the method into individual components, you can easily test method #1 and #3 separately in dedicated tests. Method #2 would solely handle the http library call, streamlining the testing process without involving the actual http library.

Regarding method #2, it remains untested, but personally, I see no necessity in testing it since you did not author that segment of code. Given that you are utilizing Angular's http module, the framework likely includes robust unit tests on its own.

The service response should ideally undergo additional integration testing periodically to validate that the API functions as expected.

For achieving full code coverage, you may consider leveraging a tool like Nock. By intercepting all xhr requests triggered by your application, Nock enables you to correspond these requests with predetermined mock responses within your test file.

var scope = nock('http://myapp.iriscouch.com')
                .post('/users', {
                  username: 'pgte',
                  email: 'email@example.com'
                })
                .reply(201, {
                  ok: true,
                  id: '123ABC',
                  rev: '946B7D1C'
                });

Source: https://www.npmjs.com/package/nock

For further insights on testing strategies and determining the extent of testing required, I recommend watching "Budgeting Reality" by Justin Searls.

Answer №4

Example scenario to test HTTP service requests

describe('Forgot Password Controller', function () {
    var $controller,
        $httpBackend,
        $q,
        $rootScope,
        $state,
        controller,
        scope,
        accountProvider;

    beforeEach(module('app'));
    beforeEach(inject(function (_$injector_, _$controller_, _$rootScope_) {

        $controller = _$controller_;
        $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
        $httpBackend = _$injector_.get('$httpBackend');
        $state = _$injector_.get('$state');
        $q = _$injector_.get('$q');
        accountProvider = _$injector_.get('accountProvider');
        scope = _$rootScope_.$new();

        controller = $controller(app.controllers.forgotPassword, {
            $state: $state,
            accountProvider: accountProvider
        });
    }));

    afterEach(function () {
        $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
        $httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
    });

    describe('forgot password submission', function () {

        it('Successfully submit a forgot password request', function () {
            $httpBackend.expectPOST("URL DOMAIN" + '/events/requestPasswordReset').respond(200);
            spyOn($state, 'go');
            controller.form = { emailAddress: '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d5b4bea695b2b8b4bcb9fbb6bab8">[email protected]</a>' };

            controller.submit();

            expect(controller.submitting).toBe(true);

            $httpBackend.flush();

            expect(controller.submitting).toBe(false);
            expect($state.go).toHaveBeenCalledWith('login', { successMessage: 'An email sent to ' + controller.form.emailAddress + ' contains instructions for resetting your password.' });
        });

        it('Handle user not found when submitting a forgot password request', function () {
            $httpBackend.expectPOST(app.env.EDGE_SERVICE_PATH + '/events/requestPasswordReset').respond(404);
            spyOn($state, 'go');
            controller.form = { emailAddress: '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2b4a40586b4c464a424705484446">[email protected]</a>' };

            controller.submit();

            expect(controller.submitting).toBe(true);
            $httpBackend.flush();

            // Display success message to hide existing user info if user not found
            expect(controller.submitting).toBe(false);
            expect($state.go).toHaveBeenCalledWith('login', { successMessage: 'An email sent to ' + controller.form.emailAddress + ' contains instructions for resetting your password.' });

        });

        it('Handle unexpected errors from forgot password request submission', function () {
            $httpBackend.expectPOST("URL DOMAIN"  + '/events/requestPasswordReset').respond(500);

            controller.submit();
            $httpBackend.flush();

            expect(controller.errors.unexpectedError).toBe(true);
        });

        it('Handle 422 validation errors from forgot password request submission', function () {
            var responseData = {
                fieldErrors: {
                    username: [{code: 'error'}, {code: 'required', message: 'This is required.'}]
                }
            };
            $httpBackend.expectPOST("URL DOMAIN" + '/events/requestPasswordReset').respond(422, responseData);

            controller.submit();
            $httpBackend.flush();

            expect(controller.errors.validationErrors).toBe(true);
            expect(controller.errors.fieldErrors).toEqual(responseData.fieldErrors);
        });

        it('Handle 503 service unavailable from forgot password request submission', function () {
            $httpBackend.expectPOST("URL DOMAIN" + '/events/requestPasswordReset').respond(503);

            controller.submit();
            $httpBackend.flush();

            expect(controller.errors.serviceUnavailable).toBe(true);
        });

    });

});

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