Typescript was unable to determine the generic type automatically

Exploring the code snippet above, an interesting behavior was noticed. It appears that by removing the line validate: (...) => {}, A is correctly determined to be rule1: { v: number }. However, leaving the line intact results in A being inferred as unknown. Any insights on what might be causing this discrepancy and any suggestions on how it can be resolved? Thank you in advance :)

type Arguments<A> = {
  [K in keyof A]: {
        args: {
          [K1 in keyof A[K]]: {
              assert?: (arg: unknown) => arg is A[K][K1];
          }
        };
        validate?: (value: unknown, args: A[K]) => unknown;
  }
}

function test<A>(args: Arguments<A>) {}

test({
    rule1: {
        args: {
            v: {
                assert: (arg): arg is number => typeof arg === 'number',
            }
        },
        validate: (value, args) => {

        }
    }
});

Answer №1

An issue arises here due to the compiler having to infer both the generic type parameter and the type of the unannotated callback parameter within the same object, which it struggles to do consistently. This limitation in design is acknowledged and discussed in various threads such as microsoft/TypeScript#12621 and microsoft/TypeScript#26418. The solution lies in either sacrificing one of these inferences (by manually specifying the generic type or by annotating the callback parameters), or breaking down the single object into multiple ones for the compiler to perform inference passes separately.

The workaround suggested involves a helper function that constructs a single object from two distinct ones. The first object aids in inferring the generic type parameter, which is then utilized as the contextual type for the callback parameter in the second object. (Although named "currying" in the comments, it does not strictly adhere to currying)

const arg = function <T>(
    args: { [K in keyof T]: {
        assert?: (arg: unknown) => arg is T[K];
    } },
    validate?: (value: unknown, args: T) => unknown
) {
    return ({ args, validate });
}

The arg() function accepts two arguments, args and validate, merging them into a unified object. When invoking test() thereafter, employ arg() to create each property:

test({
    rule1: arg({
        v: {
            assert: (arg): arg is number => typeof arg === 'number',
        }
    }, (value, args) => { }
    )
});

With this implementation, the type parameter within arg() is inferred as {v: number}, consequently leading to correct inference of the type parameter in test() as {rule1: {v: number}} as intended. It may not be flawless, but it serves its purpose for now. Hopefully, this explanation proves beneficial; best of luck!

Playground link to code

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