TypeScript's TypeGuard wandering aimlessly within the enumerator

I'm puzzled by the fact that filter.formatter (in the penultimate line) is showing as undefined even though I have already confirmed its existence:

type Filter = {
    formatter?: {
        index: number,
        func: (value: string) => void
    }
}

const filter: Filter = {
    formatter: {
        index: 1,
        func: (v) => {
            return `Label: ${v}`
        }
    }
}

const data = [['foo', 'bar']]

if (filter.formatter) {
    data[filter.formatter.index].forEach(d => {
        filter.formatter.func(d) // <-- `formatter` is possibly undefined
    })
}

TypeScript Playground

Update 1

@CRice pointed out in a comment that this issue doesn't arise in for-loops. But I still can't figure out why?

Updated TypeScript Playground

Answer №1

To gain a better grasp of the error, consider rewriting the code in this manner.

if (filter.formatter) {
    const itemConsumer = (d: string) => { filter.formatter.func(d) };
    data[filter.formatter.index].forEach(itemConsumer);
}

// Essentially, these two sections are equivalent

const itemConsumer = (d: string) => { filter.formatter.func(d) };
if (filter.formatter) {
    data[filter.formatter.index].forEach(itemConsumer);
}

In the itemConsumer function, you simply capture a reference to the filter variable and not its actual value.
Consequently, it is entirely possible for filter.formatter to become null before itemConsumer is executed.

Contrastingly, with the for loop, since no new function is created, the filter value is utilized, reassuring the compiler that filter.formatter will not be undefined.

If you seek further insight on this topic, there exists a series of books dedicated to JavaScript, including one specifically focusing on scope and closure,

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