Using LitElement: What is the best way to call functions when the Template is defined as a const?

When the template is defined in a separate file, it's not possible to call a function in the component. However, if the template is defined directly as returning rendered HTML with this.func, it works. How can one call a function when the template is defined in a separate file?

Component.ts

import { LitElement, html} from 'lit-element';
import { cTemplate } from './template/ctemplate';

@customElement('card-form')
export class cardFormComponent extends LitElement {

  constructor() {
    super();
  }

  render() {
    return cTemplate;
  }

  createRenderRoot() {
    return this;
  }

  validateForm() {
    alert('ok');
  }
}


**tempalate.ts**

import { html } from 'lit-element';

export const cTemplate = html`
 <div>
        <button class="button" @click="${this.validateForm}">Validate</button>
      </div>
';

Answer №1

It's unclear why the decision was made to place the template into a separate file, but it is possible that the real use case is more intricate or there is a desire to reuse the template across various components.

Before delving into how to modify the example to function correctly, I would suggest familiarizing yourself with the concept of smart vs dumb components. Essentially, the current template possesses excessive knowledge as it dictates the presence of a function like validateForm to be invoked upon button click (creating a tight connection between the template and component, which contradicts the purpose of separating them into distinct files). A better approach, if aiming for decoupled elements, would involve providing a callback to execute when the button is clicked - allowing flexibility in defining the action to be taken.

To address your example's issue and enhance its adaptability, understanding the significance of 'this' in JavaScript is crucial. 'This' denotes the current context of a function, varied depending on its creation and invocation method.

In your template.ts file, there isn't a designated function (though it would function as one due to module transpilation), yet 'this' persists. In this scenario, 'this' references the module's context itself. Thus, attempting to call module.validateForm within the template snippet leads to failure since it doesn't exist - this occurs because the snippet materializes during module loading rather than when required by render.

The primary step towards resolution entails encapsulating the snippet within a function and exporting it for subsequent utilization inside render, enabling control over 'this' within the function's scope. If necessary, employing 'bind' may be vital to ensure 'this' aligns with the component class.

A complete exemplar can be found below:
Component.ts

import { LitElement, html} from 'lit-element';
import { cTemplate } from './template/ctemplate';

@customElement('card-form')
export class cardFormComponent extends LitElement {

  constructor() {
    super();
    this.cTemplate = cTemplate.bind(this); 
  }

  render() {
    return this.cTemplate(); 
  }

  validateForm() {
    alert('ok');
  }
}


**template.ts**

import {  html } from 'lit-element';

export function cTemplate() {
    return html`
        <div>
            <button class="button" @click="${this.validateForm}">Validate</button>
        </div>
    ';
}

For enhancement:
BetterComponent.ts

import { LitElement, html} from 'lit-element';
import { cTemplate } from './template/ctemplate';

@customElement('card-form')
export class cardFormComponent extends LitElement {

  constructor() {
    super();
    this.cTemplate = cTemplate.bind(this);
  }

  render() {
    return this.cTemplate(this.validateForm, 'Validate');
  }

  validateForm() {
    alert('ok');
  }
}


**template.ts**

import {  html } from 'lit-element';

export function cTemplate(onClick, label) {
    return html`
        <div>
            <button class="button" @click="${onClick}">${label}</button>
        </div>
    ';
}

This pattern appears somewhat unconventional. If the intention is to create a reusable button component, consider developing a standalone web component for it. Within the cardForm, utilize render to generate something akin to:

html`<my-button label="${'Validate'}" .onClick="${this.validateForm}"></my-button>`

You could also configure my-button to emit a click event similar to a standard button and leverage @click accordingly.

Answer №2

To address the issues in your code snippet:

  1. In template.ts, you are not defining a template function but rather creating a static template result. It is recommended to use functions for templates.
  2. The template in render() is not being called.
  3. Standalone template functions should not rely on this.

Here is an alternative approach:

import { LitElement, html} from 'lit-element';
import { cTemplate } from './template/ctemplate';

@customElement('card-form')
export class cardFormComponent extends LitElement {

  render() {
    return cTemplate(this.validateForm, 'Validate');
  }

  validateForm() {
    alert('ok');
  }
}

/** template.ts **/
import {  html } from 'lit-element';

export const cTemplate = (onClick, label) => html`
  <div>
    <button class="button" @click="${onClick}">${label}</button>
  </div>
`;

Note that I am passing data as arguments to the template instead of binding them directly. LitElement will handle calling event handlers with the host element as the this value automatically.

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