Using object in Typescript for function overloading - External visibility of implementation signatures for overloads is restricted

Issue

How do I correctly expose an overloaded implementation signature?

Scenario

Expanding on the initial query:

interface MyMap<T> {
  [id: string]: T;
}

type Options = {
  asObject?: boolean,
  other?: Function
  testing?: number
};


function get(options: { asObject: true, other?: Function, testing?:number }): MyMap<any>;
function get(options: { asObject?: false, other?: Function, testing?:number }): number[];
function get(): any[];
function get(options: Options = { asObject: false }): any[] | MyMap<any> {
    if (options?.asObject) return {} as MyMap<any>;

    return [];
}

How can I wrap this function while preserving the potential return types based on the options argument?

For instance:

function wrapFunction(arg1 arg2, options) { 
   // perform actions with arg1 and arg2

   return get(options) 
}

Based on the options provided in the wrapFunction method, the return type will be determined by the return type of get for that specific value.

e.g.:

const g = wrapFunction(1,2, {asObject: true}) 

// The result should match get({asObject:true})

Potential Solutions

I could create a new signature for each wrapFunction, but this would become lengthy, especially when dealing with multiple types of wrapFunctions following the same pattern of nested get calls.

One recommendation was to cast the wrapFunction as typeof get, but this limits the ability to modify the parameter list of wrapFunction.

You may find this relevant.

Additional Resources

Typescript Playground link

Answer №1

Solution

In order to address this issue, I utilized conditional types as a solution strategy. One example of this is demonstrated below:

// Defining the switch interface
interface Switch<T> {
  on: T
}

// Introducing a conditional type.
type ExtendReturn<E extends boolean, R extends string | number > = E extends true
  ? Array<R>
  : number;

/*
The first solution involves utilizing the conditional type in combination with type inference. This approach requires a nested structure and yields a function that resembles currying. The inner function segregates all the generics for inference, while the outer function specifies the required generic explicitly.
*/
function test3<R extends string | number = string>() { 
  return function inner<E extends boolean>(options: Switch<E>): ExtendReturn<E, R> {
    const r = options.on ? 's' : 4

    return r as ExtendReturn<E, R>
  }
}

// Despite the additional (), each type is correctly inferred
const a = test3<number>()({ on: true })


/*
The second solution incorporates a blend of overload methods and the conditional type. Although slightly more verbose, this method eliminates the need for a curried structure, resulting in a cleaner API design.
*/
function test4<R extends string | number = string>(options?: Switch<false>): ExtendReturn<false, R>;
function test4<R extends string | number = string>(options: Switch<true>): ExtendReturn<true, R>;
function test4<E extends boolean, R extends string | number = string>(options?: Switch<E>): ExtendReturn<E, R> {
  const r = options?.on ? 's' : 4

  return r as ExtendReturn<E, R>
}

// Notice the simpler API layout
const m = test4<string>({ on: true })

To explore the detailed comparison, please visit here

Thoughts

These workarounds effectively address the underlying issue, offering viable solutions. When dealing with complex scenarios or hidden APIs, employing the currying technique may present a more elegant solution by reducing the necessity for numerous overload methods. Conversely, simpler scenarios or public APIs are better suited for the second solution.

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