Utilizing the power of generics alongside index type manipulation

After successfully running this code:

const f = <T extends string>(x: T) => x;
f("");

interface Dictionary<T> { [key: string]: T; }
const dict: Dictionary<number> = { a: 1 };

I anticipated the following code to work as well:

interface MyRecord<Key extends string, Value> { [_: Key]: Value };

However, the compiler is giving an error on _:

An index signature parameter type must be 'string' or 'number'.

Changing Key extends string to Key extends string | number does not resolve the issue (same error).

What is causing it to fail and what would be a correct solution? (Avoiding the use of Any and similar.)

Edit1:

type XY = 'x' | 'y';
const myXY: XY = 'x';
const myString: string = myXY;

Since this part works, I assumed that the same logic applies to indexed types (a subset of string can be used in place of string required by indexed types).

Answer №1

Let's delve into the topic of index signatures in TypeScript and explore mapped types as well. Despite their similar syntax and functionality, they serve different purposes. Here's where they converge:

  • Both are object types that represent a range of properties.

  • Syntax-wise, both index signatures and mapped types use bracketed key-like notation within an object type, such as

    {[<b><i>Some Key-like Expression</i></b>]: T}
    .

Now, let's distinguish between them:

INDEX SIGNATURES

Index signatures define a part of an object type or interface that represents an arbitrary number of properties all of the same type, with keys coming from a specified key type. Currently, the key type can only be exactly string, number, or symbol, along with "pattern template literal" types introduced in ms/TS#40598 like `foo_${string}`, or a union of these.

  • The syntax for an index signature looks like this:

      type StringIndex<T> = {[dummyKeyName: string]: T}
      type NumberIndex<T> = {[dummyKeyName: number]: T} 
    

    There is a dummy key name (dummyKeyName above) that doesn't have any significance outside the brackets, followed by a type annotation using either string or number.

Answer №2

If you're looking to avoid using an index signature in typescript, you can opt for the Record<Key, Value> utility.

interface MyObject<K extends string = string> {
  someProperty: Record<K, any>;
}

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