What does `(keyof FormValues & string) | string` serve as a purpose for?

Hey there! I'm new to TypeScript and I'm a bit confused about the purpose of

(keyof FormValues & string) | string
. Can someone please explain it to me?

export type FieldValues = Record<string, any>;

export type FieldName<FormValues extends FieldValues> =
  | (keyof FormValues & string)
  | string;

export type FieldValue<FormValues extends FieldValues> = FormValues[FieldName<
  FormValues
>];

Answer №1

The data type is incorrect. The FieldName type will always be evaluated as a string, regardless of the input provided. Here are a few examples to consider:

type X = FieldName<{ x: string }> // X is string
type Y = FieldName<{y: number, z: string}> // Y is string
type Z = FieldName<{w: boolean, q: string}> // Z is string

The problem lies in the union part:

export type FieldValues = Record<string, any>; // object type with string keys

export type FieldName<FormValues extends FieldValues> =
  | (keyof FormValues & string) // intersecting with string
  | string; // everything becomes string due to this line

If we want to specify a particular type, the final line | string negates the first line. Since keyof FormValues is a subset of string, the union results in just a string. In reality, the type should be defined as follows:

export type FieldName<FormValues extends {}> = keyof FormValues & string

type A = FieldName<{ x: string }> // A is "x"
type B = FieldName<{ m: number, n: string }> // B is "m" | "n"
type C = FieldName<{o: boolean, p: string}> // C is "o" | "p"
type D = FieldName<{1: string}> // D is never - accurate

Note that I no longer use FormFields since & string ensures that our key is strictly a string. Types from A to D consistently narrow down the result types, and for types with numeric keys, we get never as expected, considering only string keys.

Answer №2

As pointed out by @maciej-sikora, the combination of strings has caused some issues. The keyof operation on a union of string-keyed types results in the type being evaluated as a string. However, in certain rare cases, the code above actually does make sense.

Consider if you have a type that can accept any string as its key, but you also have a predefined set of keys. For instance, think about an investigation form that includes fields like age and name, along with any additional fields that users may input as keys.

By using the types defined below, Visual Studio Code will provide autocomplete suggestions in unexpected ways. For instance:

But if you define the type with just a string:

It's worth noting that even the first image was auto-completed based on keys from Form, even though it could technically be filled with any string value. Perhaps the code you provided is related to this interesting feature/bug.

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