What is the best way to combine individual function declarations in TypeScript?

In my project, I am currently developing a TypeScript version of the async library, specifically focusing on creating an *-as-promised version. To achieve this, I am utilizing the types provided by @types/async.

One issue I have encountered is that in the declaration for the .filter function within @types/async, there are two function types with identical names:

export function filter<T, E>(arr: T[] | IterableIterator<T>, iterator: AsyncBooleanIterator<T, E>, callback?: AsyncResultArrayCallback<T, E>): void;
export function filter<T, E>(arr: Dictionary<T>, iterator: AsyncBooleanIterator<T, E>, callback?: AsyncResultArrayCallback<T, E>): void;

In contrast, in my project's code (found here), I only export a single .filter function:

function filter<T>(
    arr: async.Dictionary<T> | T[] | IterableIterator<T>,
    iterator: (item: T) => Promise<boolean>
  ): Promise<Array<(T | undefined)> | undefined> {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    async.filter(arr, (item, cb) => {
      iterator(item)
        .then(res => cb(undefined, res))
        .catch(err => cb(err));
    }, (err, results) =>
      err
      ? reject(err)
      : resolve(results)
    );
  });
}

This has resulted in a compilation error stating:

lib/filter.ts(32,18): error TS2345: Argument of type 'Dictionary<T> | IterableIterator<T> | T[]' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Dictionary<T>'.
  Type 'IterableIterator<T>' is not assignable to type 'Dictionary<T>'.

Given this situation, I am seeking advice on how to merge these declarations into one successfully. Any insights or solutions would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you.

Answer №1

It's quite odd that the typing doesn't consist of a single function signature encompassing the union of all three possible types for the arr parameter. You may want to think about submitting an issue or pull request to the typing library for async in order to rectify this.

Nevertheless, it would be preferable if the compiler allowed you to invoke the function in the manner you have described, since you are certain of its safety. However, as evidenced by this link, it currently does not support this in TypeScript version 2.5.

The simplest workaround would be to inform the compiler, despite its lack of knowledge, that the existing filter function does indeed accommodate an arr of type

T[] | IterableIterator<T> | Dictionary<T>
, by asserting that arr is of type any, thereby disabling type checking:

function filter<T>(
    arr: async.Dictionary<T> | T[] | IterableIterator<T>,
    iterator: (item: T) => Promise<boolean>
  ): Promise<Array<(T | undefined)> | undefined> {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    async.filter(arr as any, (item, cb) => {
      iterator(item)
        .then(res => cb(undefined, res))
        .catch(err => cb(err));
    }, (err, results) =>
      err
      ? reject(err)
      : resolve(results)
    );
  });
}

There are alternative workarounds, like creating a custom type guard to split the invocation of async.filter() into two calls based on the type of arr; or wrapping the async.filter function with something akin to intersectFunction() to accept the desired union, but these solutions are bulkier and impact runtime, so I recommend sticking with the as any approach outlined above.

I hope this information proves helpful. Best of luck!

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