What is the best way to ensure that a specific data type is used for a key in an object?

Struggling to create a versatile function that can efficiently sort string properties of objects using String.localCompare. However, TypeScript seems not to acknowledge that a[key] and b[key] should be treated as strings.

How can I resolve this issue in TypeScript?

const generateStringSort = <T>(key: keyof T) => {
  return (a: T, b: T) => {
    return a[key].toLowerCase().localeCompare(b[key].toLowerCase());
  };
};
Error message: Property 'toLowerCase' does not exist on type 'T[keyof T]'

// sample usage

interface Item {
  prop: string;
  other: number;
}
const sortFunction = generateStringSort<Item>("prop");
const itemList: Item[] = [];
itemList.sort(sortFunction);

Answer №1

Here's an updated solution: utilize mapped types

function createStringSorter<T extends string>(key: T) {
  return <
    U extends {
      [Property in T]: string;
    }
  >(
    a: U,
    b: U
  ) => {
    return a[key].toLowerCase().localeCompare(b[key].toLowerCase());
  };
};

Answer №2

Upon reviewing the code snippet provided, it appears that 'key' is inferred to be a subtype of string while 'a' and 'b' are instances of Record.

const createStringComparator = <T extends Record<string, string>>(key: keyof T) => {
  return (a: T, b: T) => {
    return a[key].toLowerCase().localeCompare(b[key].toLowerCase());
  };
};

Answer №3

If you create a utility function:

type KeysOfType<Object, Type> = {
  [Key in keyof Object]: Object[Key] extends Type ? Key : never;
}[keyof Object];

which retrieves the keys of Object that match the specified type Type, you can then apply it to restrict the behavior of your method:

const makeStringSort = <Type>(key: KeysOfType<Type, string>) => {
  return <Target extends { [K in KeysOfType<Type, string>]: string }>(objA: Target, objB: Target) => {
    return objA[key].toLowerCase().localeCompare(objB[key].toLowerCase());
  };
};

Try It Out Here

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