What is the best way to retrieve a member from a union type?

Here is a simple example to illustrate the problem:

// library.d.ts
import type { Bar } from './bar.d.ts';
export interface Foo {
  bar?: string | Bar | boolean;
  // and many other properties
}

// bar.d.ts
export interface Bar {
  baz?: number
  // and many other properties
}

My goal is to extract the Bar type from the Foo['bar'] union, without having to import Bar separately. How can I achieve this, considering that bar.d.ts cannot be imported by external consumers of the library?

I attempted to use Extract<Foo['bar'], Bar>, but it did not work as it still required me to import Bar, which is not what I wanted.

Answer №1

Here are a few strategies for you to consider:

& object

In case there is only one object type, Bar, in Foo["bar"], you can exclude all primitive types by using & object as mentioned in the comments:

type ExtractedBar = Foo["bar"] & object;
//   ^? type ExtractedBar = Bar & object

(The & object in the type display is insignificant and does not affect the functionality of ExtractedBar.)

Try it out here

Extract with a subset of Bar

If you cannot assume that the type does not contain other object types, you might consider using Extract and identifying a small stable subset of features from Bar:

type ExtractedBar2 = Extract<Foo["bar"], {baz?: number;}>;
//   ^? type ExtractedBar2 = Bar

This method works even if Bar has additional properties, as Extract extracts union members that are assignable to the constraint, allowing for extra properties.

Give it a try here - Additional properties have been included in Bar to demonstrate that only one is needed for extraction, and another object type has been added to Foo["bar"] to show that only Bar is extracted.

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