What is the best way to specify the type of a generic function in TypeScript?

Issue

I am facing a challenge with the implementation of a generic function type:

type Validator<TInput, TOutput extends TInput> = (value: TInput) => Validated<TOutput>;

My attempt to implement this type resulted in the following code:

const isNotNull: Validator<T | null, T> = <T>(value: T | null): Validated<T> => {
    // Implementation here
};

This approach is problematic because T is being used before it's defined.

Although I could infer the type for isNotNull, my goal is to explicitly declare it as a constraint within the Validator. How can I achieve this?


Situation

The Validator type will be utilized as a function parameter, as shown in the example below:

function validate<TInput, TOutput>(
    value: TInput,
    validator: Validator<TInput, TOutput>
): TOutput {}

In practice, this function may not be necessary. The actual use case is more intricate, but for simplicity, I have presented a basic version.

Therefore, it is essential that the Validator remains generic.

Answer №1

When it comes to TypeScript, there is a limitation in terms of expressiveness that makes describing the isNotNull function as a type of Validator challenging. If TypeScript included arbitrary "generic values," as mentioned in microsoft/TypeScript#17574, one could potentially define it like this:

declare const isNotNull: forall T, Validator<T | null, T>; // This syntax is not valid in TS and will result in an error

However, currently, there is no programmatic way to achieve this. In such cases, manual intervention becomes necessary:

declare const isNotNull: <T>(value: T | null) => Validated<T>;

Despite the inability to programmatically express the relation between isNotNull and Validator, the compiler can still recognize it. Therefore, passing isNotNull to validate() should work without issues:

validate(Math.random() < 0.5 ? 123 : null, isNotNull);
// function validate<number | null, number>(
//   value: number | null, validator: Validator<number | null, number>
// ): number

The compiler understands that isNotNull can be treated as a

Validator<number | null, number>
.


An alternative approach involves defining a generic function that returns Validator<T | null, T> when called with the type parameter T:

const getIsNotNull = <T>(): Validator<T | null, T> => isNotNull;
validate(Math.random() < 0.5 ? "hey" : null, getIsNotNull<"hey">());

This method allows you to state that "isNotNull is related to Validator," albeit with the inconvenience of an unnecessary curried function. Using validate directly with isNotNull is generally preferred.


Link to Playground for code demonstration

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