What is the reason behind TypeScript's concern over a missing property in generic inheritance?

Exploring a test case with TypeScript:

interface BaseFoo {}

interface FooAdapter {
  method<F extends BaseFoo>(foo:F):string;
}


interface ConcreteFoo extends BaseFoo {
  value:string;
}

class ConcreteFooAdapter implements FooAdapter {
  method(foo: ConcreteFoo): string {
    return foo.value;
  }
}

An issue arises with the method signature, as TypeScript raises an error stating :

Property 'value' is missing in type 'BaseFoo' but required in type 'ConcreteFoo'.

The query is on why value needs to be in BaseFoo when the generic F should extend it?

More importantly, what would be the correct approach to resolve this without any errors?

Edit

Considering an alternative solution that faced a similar problem:

interface BarAdapter {
  method<F>(bar:F):string;
}

type Bar = {
  value:string;
}

class ConcreteBarAdapter implements BarAdapter {
  method(bar:Bar):string {
    return bar.value;
  }
}

A complaint emerges indicating that F cannot be assigned to type Bar, which brings confusion.

Answer №1

If you have a requirement that the parameter must extend BaseFoo and the return value should always be a string, there is a way to achieve this without using generics. In this scenario, you can create interfaces and classes like below:

interface BaseFoo { }

interface FooAdapter {
  method(foo: BaseFoo): string;
}

interface ConcreteFoo extends BaseFoo {
  value: string;
}

class ConcreteFooAdapter implements FooAdapter {
  method(foo: ConcreteFoo): string {
    return foo.value;
  }
}

This approach provides strong typing similar to what generics offer. TypeScript enforces that the implementor's method must adhere to extend method(foo: BaseFoo): string.

However, if you require the adapters to act as implementors with a specific method signature, you can introduce a generic parameter on the interface. Then, when implementing it, you need to explicitly specify the type like so:

interface BaseFoo { }

interface FooAdapter<F extends BaseFoo>  {
  method(foo: F): string;
}


interface ConcreteFoo extends BaseFoo {
  value: string;
}

class ConcreteFooAdapter implements FooAdapter<ConcreteFoo> {
  method(foo: ConcreteFoo): string {
    return foo.value;
  }
}

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