What sets apart Record<A, B> from {[key: A]: B} conceptually?

Can you explain the distinction between type A and type B?

Type A = {[key: string]: string | number | boolean | null}
Type B = Record<string, string | number | boolean | null>

Answer №1

There is no practical distinction. However, the Record type is often easier for humans to interpret.

The Record utility type is native to TypeScript and can be defined without any special syntax. It serves as a shortcut, with its source code located in TypeScript's lib.es5.d.ts file:

/**
 * Create a type with a series of properties K of type T
 */
type Record<K extends keyof any, T> = {
    [P in K]: T;
};

If you were to inspect type B in an IDE with TypeScript capabilities, such as the TypeScript Playground, you would observe it being converted to this:

// type B = Record<string, string | number | boolean | null>
type B = {
    [x: string]: string | number | boolean | null;
}

Try it out on the TypeScript Playground

This aligns perfectly with your definition of type A.

Answer №2

When it comes to indexing, there is a notable difference at play. Utilizing the Record function allows for a union of strings:

// perfectly fine
type B = Record<'a' | 'b', string | number | boolean | null>;

// throws an error
type A = { [key: 'a' | 'b']: string | number | boolean | null };


// successfully executes :D
type A_1 = { [key: `a${string}` | `$b${string}`]: string | number | boolean | null };

However, using unions in interface indexing (as shown in type A) is not supported.

To delve deeper into why A_1 functions as intended, please refer to Symbol and Template String Pattern Index Signatures

Answer №3

When it comes to type A and type B, both serve the same function and denote object types containing arbitrary string keys and values that can be of various types such as strings, numbers, booleans, or null.

The distinguishing factor between them is the syntax employed for their definition - type A relies on index signature syntax whereas type B utilizes the Record utility type.

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