While utilizing Typescript, it is unable to identify changes made to a property by a

Here is a snippet of code I am working with:

class A {
  constructor(private num: number = 1) {

  }

  private changeNum() {
    this.num = Math.random();
  }

  private fn() {
    if(this.num == 1) {
      this.changeNum();
      if(this.num == 0.5) {
        // do stuff
      }
    }
  }
}

This code defines a class 'A' with a property num and a method changeNum to modify that number.

There is also a function fn which checks if num is equal to 1, then changes it using changeNum, and checks it again.

The issue arises when TypeScript does not recognize that num has been modified through the changeNum method, resulting in the error message:

This condition will always return 'false' since the types '1' and '0.5' have no overlap.

Is there a way to make TypeScript understand that num was altered by changeNum?

EDIT: I discovered that changing if(this.num == 0.5) to if(this.num == Number(0.5)) allows the program to compile correctly, but this doesn't seem like an optimal solution!

Answer №1

This issue relates to the control flow analysis and its impact.

A crucial question arises: What assumptions should we make about a function's side effects when it is called?

There are two main approaches - one is pessimistic, assuming any function could potentially modify any object it interacts with, and the other is optimistic, where we assume that functions do not alter state. Both options have drawbacks. (Emphasis added)

https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/9998

TypeScript's stance leans towards optimism, assuming that functions only affect their internal state. Consequently, a suggested workaround is to avoid manipulating external state within functions or methods. For example, consider refactoring your code like this:

class A {
  constructor(private num: number = 1) { }

  private getNewNum() {
    return Math.random();
  }

  private fn() {
    if (this.num === 1) {
      this.num = this.getNewNum();
      if (this.num === 0.5) {
        // do stuff
      }
    }
  }
}

Adopting this approach will steer your program toward functional programming principles.

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