Why is it considered an error when an index signature is missing in a type?

Consider the TypeScript code snippet below:

type Primitive = undefined | null | boolean | number | string;

// A POJO is simply meant to represent a basic object, without any complexities, where the content is unknown.
interface POJO {
    [key: string]: Primitive | POJO;
}

The POJO here serves as a generic object, intended for simple usage like converting it to JSON or similar processes. However, an issue arises in the following code block:

// Implementation of certain functions elsewhere...
declare function post(path: string, data: POJO): Promise<Response>;
declare function getToken(): string;

type LinkOrMessage = {link: string} | {message: string};

function specialPost(path: string, data: LinkOrMessage): Promise<Response> {
    const body = {
        ...data,
        token: getToken(),
    };

    // Error explanation provided below...
    return post(path, body);
}

The error message states:

Argument of type '{ token: string; link: string; } | { token: string; message: string; }'
is not assignable to parameter of type 'POJO'.

Type '{ token: string; link: string; }'
is not assignable to type 'POJO'.

Index signature is missing in type '{ token: string; link: string; }'

This prompts confusion. Interestingly, simplifying the LinkOrMessage type by selecting only {link: string} or {message: string} resolves the error. Each individual type in the union seems compatible with POJO, yet the union itself poses an issue?

If anyone could provide insight into this behavior, it would be greatly appreciated.

Answer №1

Ever since TypeScript 2.0, there has been the concept of an implicit index signature which allows you to assign objects without index signatures to variables with index signatures. However, the criteria for inferring an implicit index signature can be a bit questionable, as some individuals have raised concerns about it. There appears to be some ambiguity in how implicit index signatures interact with the spread operator.

Fortunately, it seems that the issue you are facing is likely a bug introduced in TypeScript v2.4 and resolved in TypeScript v2.6.1. The downside is that v2.6.1 has not been released yet; you could attempt to compile against typescript@next to check if the problem has been addressed.

Best of luck!

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