Why is it necessary for me to employ a type assertion when the type should be evident logically?

I'm facing a situation where I can logically determine the type of an object, but I end up having to use type assertion and create additional dummy variables to access type-specific properties correctly. Is there a more efficient approach to handle this?

export type EventTypeItem =
    event1 |
    event2;

enum Event {
    Event1,
    Event2
}

interface event1 {
    readonly id: string;
}

interface event2 {
    readonly caller: ICaller;
}

interface ICaller {
    readonly id: string;
}


export interface IEvent {
    readonly eventItem: EventTypeItem;
    readonly eventType: Event;
}

// An instance of IEvent is passed to a component

let exampleUnknownEvent: IEvent; // To access id we'd either use '.id' or '.caller.id'
// But we don't know beforehand which Event this will be

// Within a function

const x = exampleUnknownEvent as event1; // This unnecessary assignment serves only for type assertion
const y = exampleUnknownEvent as event2; // Another unnecessary assignment just for type assertion

if (exampleUnknownEvent.eventType === Event.Event2) {
    return x.caller.id;
} // Instead of 'x.caller.id,' I'd prefer to use exampleUnknownEvent.caller.id since we established the type in the 'if' condition.
  // For example: exampleUnkownEvent.caller.id as event2

Answer №1

What you're attempting to achieve is type guarding, and it should function as expected. Here's a more concise version of the code without unnecessary variables:

export type EventType = someEvent | anotherEvent;

enum Event {
    SomeEvent,
    AnotherEvent
}

interface someEvent {
    readonly id: string;
    readonly event: Event.SomeEvent
}
interface anotherEvent {
    readonly source: ISource;
    readonly event: Event.AnotherEvent
}

interface ISource {
    readonly id: string;
}

export interface IEventData {
    readonly eventType: EventType;
}

let unknownEvent: IEventData = /* fetch your event data here */

if (unknownEvent.eventType.event === Event.SomeEvent) {
    console.log(unknownEvent.eventType.id);
} else {
    console.log(unknownEvent.eventType.source.id);
}

May I ask which version of TypeScript you are currently using?

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